Title Disrupted Dialogue : Medical Ethics and the Collapse of Physician-Humanist Communication (1770-1980)

Published New York : Oxford University Press, Incorporated, Sept. 2004

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Description 1 online resource (344 pages) Contents Part I: Scotland -- 1. Medical Ethics in The Scottish Enlightenment -- Background of The Scottish Enlightenment -- Camaraderie Between Medicine and the Humanities -- 2. The Beginnings of Medicine as an Isolated Science -- Isolation of the Physician -- Emergence of Hippocratic-Type Oaths at Graduation -- Why the Isolation? -- Part II: England -- 3. Eighteenth-Century England's Integration of Medicine and the Humanities -- John Wesley -- Gisborne -- Thomas Percival -- 4. Isolation of the English Physician -- Edward Percival and the Beginnings of Isolation -- Emergence of Hippocrates Michael Ryan -- Alfred S. Taylor -- Jukes de Styrap -- Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Activity of the British Medical Association -- The Basis for the English Isolation -- Part III: The United States, Canada, and New Zealand -- 5. Physician-Humanist Interaction in the Eighteenth Century in the United States -- Cotton Mather -- Benjamin Rush -- Samuel Bard -- 6. The Scientizing of Medicine in the United States -- Nathaniel Chapman -- John Redmon Coxe -- Early History of Organized Medicine's Ethics -- American Medical Association Code of 1847 7. Some Physicians Who Almost Confront the Humanities -- Worthington Hooker -- Alfred Stillé -- Austin Flint, Lewis S. Pilcher, and the New York Society -- William Osler -- Richard Cabot -- Revisions of the American Medical Association's Principles -- Reasons for Isolation in the United States -- 8. Diverging Traditions: Professional and Religious Medical Ethics of the Nineteenth Century -- Religious Traditions in Medical Ethics -- Roman Catholic Medical Morality -- Comparing the Ethics of Organized Medicine and the Catholic Church -- A Concluding Puzzle 9. Medical Ethics in New Zealand and Nova Scotia: Test Cases -- New Zealand: A Nineteenth Century Scottish Case -- Nova Scotia: Another Nineteenth Century Scottish Case -- Part IV: The Reconvergence of Physicians and Humanists -- 10. The End of Isolation: Hints of Reconvergence -- Anticipating Reintegration: Mid-Century Hints of Something to Come -- The Excitement of The 1960s -- 11. The New Enlightenment: The 1970s -- Emergence of Interdisciplinary Centers and Teaching Programs -- Secular Medical School Teaching Programs -- Interdisciplinary Commissions -- British Reconvergence The Impact of Renewing the Dialogue -- Why the Reconvergence? -- Conclusion -- Afterword: The 1980s and Beyond -- Major Developments in Bioethics -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z Summary Medical ethics changed dramatically in the past 30 years because physicians and humanists actively engaged each other in discussions that sometimes led to confrontation and controversy, but usually have improved the quality of medical decision-making. Before then medical ethics had beenisolated for almost two centuries from the larger philosophical, social, and religious controversies of the time. There was, however, an earlier period where leaders in medicine and in the humanities worked closely together and both fields were richer for it. This volume begins with the 18thcentury Scottish Enlightenment when professors of medicine such as John Gregory, Edward Percival, and the American, Benjamin Rush, were close friends of philosophers like David Hume, Adam Smith, and Thomas Reid. They continually exchanged views on matters of ethics with each other in print, atmeetings of elite intellectual groups, and at the dinner table. Then something happened, physicians and humanists quit talking with each other. In searching for the causes of the collapse, this book identifies shifts in the social class of physicians, developments in medical science, and changesin the patterns of medical education. Only in the past three decades has the dialogue resumed as physicians turned to humanists for help just when humanists wanted their work to be relevant to real-life social problems. Again, the book asks why, finding answers in the shift from acute to chronicdisease as the dominant pattern of illness, the social rights revolution of the 1960's, and the increasing dissonance between physician ethics and ethics outside medicine. The book tells the critical story of how the breakdown in communication between physicians and humanists occurred and how itwas repaired when new developments in medicine together with a social revolution forced the leaders of these two fields to resume their dialogue Audience Scholarly & Professional Oxford University Press, Incorporated Subject Medical ethics -- England -- History Medical ethics -- Scotland -- History Medical ethics -- United States -- History Humanistic ethics -- History Physicians -- Professional ethics -- England Physicians -- Professional ethics -- Scotland Physicians -- Professional ethics -- United States Humanistic ethics Medical ethics Physicians -- Professional ethics England Scotland United States Genre/Form History Form Electronic book ISBN 9780195169768 019516976X

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