| Description |
xiii, 304 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm |
| Contents |
Contents note continued: 2.3.2.Effects of in Vivo Cell Age -- 2.3.3.Clinical Conditions -- 2.3.4.Impact of the Aggregant on Red Blood Cell Aggregability -- 2.3.5.Modifying Aggregability -- 2.3.5.1.Enzyme Treatment of Red Blood Cells -- 2.3.5.2.Heat Treatment and Aldehyde Fixation of Red Blood Cells -- 2.3.5.3.Macromolecular Binding to Reduce Aggregation -- 2.3.5.4.Macromolecular Binding to Enhance Aggregation -- 2.3.6.Miscellaneous -- Literature Cited -- ch. 3 Mechanism of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 3.1.Current Models of RBC Aggregation -- 3.1.1.Bridging Hypothesis -- 3.1.2.Depletion Hypothesis -- 3.1.3.Bridging versus Depletion -- 3.2.The Depletion Theory for Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 3.2.1.Depletion Interaction -- 3.2.2.Depletion Layer Thickness -- 3.2.3.Macromolecular Penetration into the Glycocalyx -- 3.2.4.Electrostatic Repulsion between Red Blood Cells -- 3.2.5.Red Blood Cell Affinity -- 3.2.6.RBC Adhesion Energy in Polymer Solution -- |
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Contents note continued: 3.2.7.Impact of Cell Surface Properties on Red Blood Cell Affinity -- 3.3.Evidence Supporting Depletion Hypothesis -- 3.3.1.Quantification of Depletion Layers via Particle Electrophoresis -- 3.3.2.Comparison of Experimental Findings with the Depletion Model -- 3.3.2.1.Quantitative Comparison of the Adhesion Energies -- 3.3.2.2.Dependence of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on Polymer Concentration -- 3.3.2.3.Dependence of RBC Aggregation on Polymer Molecular Mass -- 3.3.2.4.Comparison of Abnormal Aggregation with the Depletion Model -- 3.4.Concluding Remarks -- Literature Cited -- ch. 4 Measurement of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 4.1.Methods for Quantification of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 4.1.1.Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -- 4.1.1.1.Measurement Procedure -- 4.1.1.2.Mechanism of Red Blood Cell Sedimentation in Plasma -- 4.1.1.3.Normal Ranges of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -- 4.1.1.4.Factors Affecting Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -- |
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Contents note continued: 4.1.1.5.Other Approaches to the Measurement of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -- 4.1.1.6.Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate as a Method to Estimate Aggregation -- 4.1.2.Zeta Sedimentation Ratio -- 4.1.2.1.Measurement Procedure -- 4.1.2.2.Normal Ranges of Zeta Sedimentation Ratio -- 4.1.2.3.Correlation of Zeta Sedimentation Ratio with Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -- 4.1.2.4.Zeta Sedimentation Ratio as a Method to Estimate Aggregation -- 4.1.3.Low-Shear Viscometry -- 4.1.3.1.Measurement Procedure -- 4.1.3.2.Alternative Methods -- 4.1.3.3.Limitations of Low-Shear Viscometry to Quantitate Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 4.1.4.Microscopic Aggregation Index -- 4.1.4.1.Measurement Procedure -- 4.1.4.2.Usage of Microscopic Aggregation Index in Modern Hemorheology -- 4.1.5.Image Analysis Techniques -- 4.1.5.1.Image Analysis of Red Blood Cell Aggregates at Stasis -- 4.1.5.2.Image Analysis of Red Blood Cell Aggregation under Dynamic Conditions -- |
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Contents note continued: 4.1.5.3.Advantages of Methods Based on Computerized Image Analysis -- 4.1.6.Photometric Methods -- 4.1.6.1.Disaggregation Mechanisms Used in Aggregation Measurements -- 4.1.6.2.Analysis of Syllectogram---Calculation of Aggregation Parameters -- 4.1.6.3.Other Parameters Measured Based on the Optical Properties of Red Blood Cell Suspensions -- 4.1.6.4.Light Reflectance versus Transmittance -- 4.1.6.5.Choice of Light Wavelength for Recording Syllectograms -- 4.1.6.6.Influence of Measurement Chamber Geometry on Aggregation Parameters -- 4.1.6.7.Effect of Hematocrit on Measured Parameters -- 4.1.6.8.Optimal Measurement Conditions and Precautions -- 4.1.6.9.Comparison of Instruments -- 4.1.7.Ultrasound Back-Scattering -- 4.1.8.Electrical Properties of RBC Suspensions -- 4.1.9.Measurement of Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Vivo -- 4.2.Sample Preparation for Red Blood Cell Aggregation Measurement -- |
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Contents note continued: 4.2.1.Blood Sampling and Storage for Measuring Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 4.2.2.Handling of the Samples and Hematocrit Adjustment -- 4.3.Assessment of Red Blood Cell Aggregability -- 4.4.Interpretation of the Results -- Literature Cited -- ch. 5 Effect of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on in Vitro Blood Rheology -- 5.1.Initial Considerations -- 5.2.Viscometric Systems -- 5.2.1.Rotating Cylinder Viscometers -- 5.2.2.Tube Viscometers -- 5.3.Potential Artifacts Affecting Blood Viscometry -- 5.3.1.Air-Fluid Interface Effects -- 5.3.2.Time-Dependent Effects -- 5.3.3.Sedimentation Effects -- 5.4.Rheological Behavior of Blood -- 5.4.1.General Flow Behavior -- 5.4.2.Possible Artifact at Low Shear Rates -- 5.4.3.Hematocrit Effects -- 5.4.4.Yield Shear Stress -- 5.4.5.Temperature Effects -- 5.4.6.Polymer-Induced RBC Aggregation -- Literature Cited -- ch. 6 Effect of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on Tube Flow -- 6.1.Historical Perspectives -- 6.2.Tube Flow -- |
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Contents note continued: 6.2.1.Velocity Profile -- 6.2.2.Axial Migration -- 6.3.Fahraeus Effect -- 6.4.Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effect -- 6.5.Effect of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on Tube Flow -- 6.5.1.Flow Behavior in Larger Tubes -- 6.5.2.Flow Behavior in Smaller Tubes -- 6.5.3.Importance of Flow Rate -- 6.5.4.Time Dependence of Aggregation Effect on Tube Flow -- 6.5.5.Vertical versus Horizontal Tubes -- 6.6.Conclusion -- Literature Cited -- ch. 7 In Vivo Hemodynamics and Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 7.1.Basic Approach to in Vivo Blood Flow -- 7.2.In Vivo versus in Vitro Blood Viscosity -- 7.3.Experimental Studies Investigating in Vivo Effects of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 7.3.1.Methods for Studying the Pressure-Flow Relationship -- 7.3.1.1.Intravital Microscopy -- 7.3.1.2.Organ Perfusion Studies -- 7.3.2.Methods to Modify Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 7.3.3.Comparison of the Results of Experimental Studies -- 7.3.3.1.Discrepancies between in Vivo Experiments -- |
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Contents note continued: 7.3.3.2.Importance of Vascular Control Mechanisms -- 7.4.Hemodynamic Mechanisms Influenced by Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 7.4.1.Axial Migration of Red Blood Cells -- 7.4.1.1.Formation of a Cell-Poor Layer in the Marginal Flow Zone -- 7.4.1.2.Difference between Red Blood Cell and Plasma Velocity during Flow -- 7.4.1.3.Movement of White Blood Cells and Platelets to Marginal Flow Zone -- 7.4.2.Microvascular Hematocrit and Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 7.4.2.1.Mechanisms of Hematocrit Reduction in Circulatory Networks -- 7.4.2.2.Effect of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on Microvascular Hematocrit -- 7.4.2.3.Significance of Reduced Microvascular and Tissue Hematocrit -- 7.4.3.Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Endothelial Function -- 7.4.3.1.Wall Shear Stress and Endothelial Function -- 7.4.3.2.Effect of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on Endothelial Function -- 7.4.4.Contrasting Effects of Aggregation in Circulatory Networks -- |
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Contents note continued: 7.5.Red Blood Cell Aggregation: Good or Bad for Tissue Perfusion? -- Literature Cited -- ch. 8 Alterations in Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.1."Normal" Ranges of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.1.1.Gender Difference in Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.1.2.Alterations in Red Blood Cell Aggregation with Subject Age -- 8.1.3.Alterations in Red Blood Cell Aggregation during Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery -- 8.1.4.Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Fetal Blood -- 8.1.5.Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Neonatal Blood -- 8.1.6.Changes in Aggregation with in Vivo Aging of Red Blood Cells -- 8.1.7.Other Physiological Influences on Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.2.Alterations of Red Blood Cell Aggregation with Extreme Conditions -- 8.2.1.Physical Activity -- 8.2.1.1.Acute Effects of Exercise on Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.2.1.2.Alteration of Red Blood Cell Aggregation by Training -- 8.2.2.Red Blood Cell Aggregation under Extreme Environmental Conditions -- |
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Contents note continued: 8.3.Alterations of Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Pathophysiological Processes -- 8.3.1.Acute Phase Reaction -- 8.3.2.Inflammatory Conditions -- 8.3.3.Infections -- 8.3.3.1.Sepsis and Septic Shock -- 8.3.4.Cardiovascular Diseases -- 8.3.4.1.Hypertension -- 8.3.4.2.Atherosclerosis -- 8.3.4.3.Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction -- 8.3.4.4.Cerebral Ischemia and Stroke -- 8.3.4.5.Peripheral Vascular Diseases -- 8.3.4.6.Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury -- 8.3.4.7.Circulatory Shock -- 8.3.5.Metabolic Disorders -- 8.3.5.1.Diabetes -- 8.3.5.2.Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity -- 8.3.6.Hematological Disorders -- 8.3.7.Other Pathophysiological Conditions -- 8.4.Therapeutic Approach to Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.4.1.Pharmacological Agents Affecting Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 8.4.2.Selective Removal of Blood Components: Hemapheresis -- 8.4.3.Other Treatment Approaches -- Literature Cited -- ch. 9 Comparative Aspects of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.1.Aggregation Is a Characteristic of Mammalian Red Blood Cells -- 9.2.Red Blood Cell Aggregation Characteristics in Various Mammalian Species -- 9.3.Correlations with Red Blood Cell Properties -- 9.3.1.Plasma Factors versus Cellular Properties -- 9.3.2.Red Blood Cell Properties as Determinant of Interspecies Differences -- 9.3.2.1.Red Blood Cell Size and Hemoglobin Content -- 9.3.2.2.Red Blood Cell Membrane Structure -- 9.3.2.3.Red Blood Cell Deformability -- 9.3.2.4.Red Blood Cell Surface Properties -- 9.4.Correlation with Other Properties of Species -- 9.4.1.Athletic versus Sedentary Species -- 9.4.2.Body Size -- 9.4.3.Life Style and Nutrition -- 9.4.4.Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Marine Mammals -- 9.5.Conclusion -- Literature Cited |
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Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction -- 1.1.Phenomenon of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 1.2.Definitions -- 1.2.1.Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 1.2.2.Red Blood Cell Aggregability -- 1.3.Historical Aspects -- 1.3.1.Antiquity -- 1.3.2.Robin Fahraeus and Melvin Knisely -- 1.3.3.Dextrans and Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 1.4.Recent History and Future Directions -- Literature Cited -- ch. 2 Determinants of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 2.1.Factors Affecting Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 2.1.1.Biconcave-Discoid Shape Is a Prerequisite for Aggregation -- 2.1.2.Hematocrit Effect -- 2.2.Macromolecules as Determinants of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 2.2.1.Plasma Proteins -- 2.2.2.Dextran -- 2.2.3.Polymer Hydrodynamic Radius as a Determinant of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 2.2.4.Inhibition of Red Blood Cell Aggregation by Small Polymers -- 2.3.Cellular Factors Determining the Extent of Red Blood Cell Aggregation -- 2.3.1.Donor-Specific Effects -- |
| Notes |
Formerly CIP. Uk |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Blood platelets -- Aggregation.
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Cell aggregation.
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Erythrocytes.
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| Author |
Meiselman, Herbert J.
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Neu, Bjorn.
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| LC no. |
2011294201 |
| ISBN |
1439841802 (hbk.) |
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9781439841808 (hbk.) |
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