Fundamentals of sports nutrition: application to sports drinks -- Water turnover and regulation of fluid balance -- Physiological and psychological determinants of fluid intake -- Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of fluids, carbohydrates, and electrolytes -- Physiological responses to fluid intake during exercise -- Metabolic and performance responses to carbohydrate intake during exercise -- Post-exercise rehydration and recovery -- Formulating carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks for optimal efficacy -- Other ingredients: role in the nutrition of athletes