| Description |
xvi, 566 pages : colour illustrations, maps ; 29 cm |
| Contents |
Contents note continued: 21.Ecosystem-Based Approaches to Marine Conservation and Management -- Ecosystem-Based Management -- Marine Protected Areas -- The science of MPAs -- The application of MPAs -- Marine Spatial Planning -- A Key Related Tool: Cumulative Impact Mapping -- Major Themes in Marine Conservation and Management in the Last Decade -- Humans as Part of the system (social ecological systems) -- Ecosystem function and dynamics -- Interdisciplinary science to support management for multiple objectives -- Resilience -- 22.Marine Restoration Ecology -- What Is Restoration? -- Population-Level Approaches -- Habitat-Level Approaches -- Salt marshes -- Seagrasses -- Oyster reefs -- Coral reefs -- Mangroves -- Landscape-Level Approaches -- Ecosystem-Level Restorations -- Socioeconomic Considerations in Marine Restoration -- 23.The Future of Marine Conservation and Management -- History of Marine Conservation and Management -- |
|
Contents note continued: A New Framing: Emerging Issues in Marine Conservation and Management -- The Promise and Challenges of Marine Conservation -- Beyond single-species fishery management -- Fishery catch shares for job security and conservation -- Beyond marine protected areas: Managing cumulative impacts and land-sea interactions -- Ecosystem indicators: Tracking progress toward multiple management objectives -- Restoration ecology and economy -- Incorporating climate into adaptation and hazard mitigation planning -- Considering linked dynamics of social and ecological systems -- Governance of common-pool resources -- Intermediate-complexity models for multi-objective management -- Ecolabeling and fishery certification -- Using ecosystem service information in decisions -- Improving food security through seafood -- The Science and Art of Communication -- Opportunities Facing the Next Generation of Marine Conservation Scientists |
|
Contents note continued: Abiotic and biogenic structure in soft sediments -- Soft sediments as a model for understanding structural complexity effects -- Losses of habitat complexity to anthropogenic impacts -- Anoxia and Eutrophication in Soft-Sediment Communities -- Eutrophication and bottom-water hypoxia -- Immediate and longer-term impacts of hypoxic events on community structure and biogeochemistry -- The Microphytobenthos -- 11.Salt Marsh Communities -- The History of Salt Marsh Ecology -- Salt marsh experimental community ecology -- What's New in Salt Marsh Community Ecology? -- Salt marsh biogeography -- Biodiversity -- Human impacts -- Grazer control, trophic cascades, and salt marsh die-off -- Consumer control in southern United States marshes -- Grazer-driven marsh die-off in northern United States marshes -- How Will Marshes Survive the Onslaught of Human Impacts? -- Where Marsh Community Ecology Is Going -- 12.Ecology of Seagrass Communities -- |
|
Contents note continued: Assignment to populations and parents -- Natural selection, gene flow, and dispersal -- Key Determinants of Dispersal Spread and Pattern -- Pelagic duration -- Larval feeding -- Larval behavior -- Adult spawning behavior -- Temporal variation in oceanographic conditions -- Habitat patchiness -- Retention versus immigration -- Selection for or against immigrants -- Influence of population size -- Regional Surveys of Genetics and Dispersal -- Meta-analyses of genetics and dispersal -- What We Can Infer about Dispersal -- Dispersal and Marine Conservation -- Scales of dispersal -- Dispersal and local fish stocks -- Population rescue -- Marine protected area design -- Dispersal and MPAs in California -- Dispersal and local adaptation -- 5.The Role of Infectious Diseases in Marine Communities -- An Introduction to Infectious Diseases -- Trophic strategies -- Life cycles -- Taxonomic groups -- Parasites as a Part of Marine Biodiversity -- Basic Epidemiology -- |
|
Contents note continued: Biological diversity and functioning of seagrass ecosystems -- Seagrasses in a changing world -- 13.Coral Reef Ecosystems: A Decade of Discoveries -- Biodiversity -- How many species on coral reefs? -- Patterns of species diversity -- Ecological Interactions -- Predation and disease -- Competition -- Herbivory -- Positive interactions -- Food webs and trophic cascades -- Community (dis)assembly rules -- The State of Coral Reefs -- Local causes of decline -- Global causes of decline -- Interactions between multiple stressors -- Phase shifts, tipping points, alternative states, and extinctions -- Prospects for Conservation and Management -- 14.Kelp Forests: Dynamic Patterns, Processes, and Feedbacks -- The Evolution and Global Distribution of a Major Marine Biome -- Diversity, biogeography, and evolution -- Global distribution of kelp forests: Setting the stage -- Assembly and Disassembly of Kelp Forests: Global and Local Ecosystem Drivers -- |
|
Contents note continued: Can larvae travel far enough to disperse between vents? -- Are vent populations open or closed? -- Colonization and Succession -- Metacommunity Dynamics -- Conservation of Vent Communities -- pt. III Conservation -- 18.Services of Marine Ecosystems: A Quantitative Perspective -- Marine Ecosystem Services -- Spatial variation in the ecological production functions of coastal landscapes -- Valuation of coral reef benefits -- Why Quantify Ecosystem Services? -- Assessing trade-offs -- Evaluating cumulative impacts -- Measuring management effectiveness -- Quantifying and Valuing Marine Ecosystem Services -- Mangrove conservation versus shrimp aquaculture development in Thailand -- Louisiana Master Plan for Coastal Restoration and Protection -- Ecosystem-based planning for multiple marine ecosystem services in British Columbia -- Local investment in building resilient coastal communities -- Challenges for the Future -- |
|
Contents note continued: Direct Effects of Fishing on Community Structure -- Changes in abundance and biomass -- Changes in size and age structure -- Changes in composition and diversity -- Extinction risk -- Summary of direct effects -- Indirect Ecosystem Effects -- Top-down effects and trophic cascades -- Bottom-up effects -- Effects on ecosystem functioning -- Summary of indirect effects -- Habitat Loss and Alteration -- Fishery-related habitat disturbance -- Other forms of habitat disturbance -- Direct effects of fisheries on benthic habitats -- Effects of other habitat-degrading activities -- Indirect effects of habitat degradation -- Summary: Effects of habitat degradation -- Habitat restoration -- Synthesis: The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management -- What is overfishing? -- Ecosystem overfishing -- Reference points for management -- Summary of ecosystem-based fisheries approaches -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- |
|
Contents note continued: Effects of the Environment on Infectious Diseases -- Thermal stress and climate warming -- Ocean acidification -- Eutrophication -- Effects of Free-Living Diversity on Infectious Diseases -- Parasite Communities -- Parasite communities in fishes -- Larval trematode communities in snails -- Host Regulation by Infectious Diseases -- Bacteriophages and bacteria -- Sea urchin epidemics -- Trematodes and snails -- Oysters and protozoan parasites in Delaware Bay -- Parasites and sea otters -- Mass Mortalities -- Effects of Infectious Diseases on Marine Communities -- Indirect effects of infectious diseases -- Behavior -- Food webs -- Applied Aspects of Infectious Diseases -- Fisheries and infectious diseases -- Invasive species -- 6.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Does Pattern Influence Process? -- Definitions and Key Concepts -- Theoretical, Conceptual, and Empirical Approaches -- Theoretical foundations of biodiversity-ecosystem function research -- |
|
Contents note continued: Experimental approaches for testing concepts, questions, and theory -- Major Findings of Marine BEF Research -- Genetic diversity affects resilience and other functions -- Species diversity affects function within and across trophic levels -- Functional diversity explains diversity effects -- Food web structure modifies the effects of diversity -- Extinction order can determine how diversity loss alters function -- Scaling Up Diversity Effects from Local Experiments to Regional Processes -- BEF and Current Challenges in Marine Ecological Research -- 7.The Biogeography of Marine Communities -- Species Geographic Range Limits -- Niche-based modeling -- Temperature effects on survival and reproduction: Mechanistic studies -- Biogeographic boundaries: Temperature or transport? -- Dispersal limitation and range boundaries -- Interactive effects of temperature and dispersal on range boundaries -- Evolutionary processes and range boundaries -- |
|
Contents note continued: Forcing from below (bottom-up control) -- Forcing from above (predation) -- Context dependence of food chain stability -- Major Perturbations Affecting the Structure and Function of Pelagic Ecosystems -- Climate change -- Eutrophication -- Ecosystems exploited to the limit and beyond -- 16.Phytoplankton Communities -- Major Taxonomic Groups of Marine Phytoplankton -- Principles Underlying Phytoplankton Community Structure and the Maintenance of Diversity -- Cell size and community co-limitation by resources and predators -- Gradients of light versus nutrient availability -- Nutrient ratios and nitrogen fixation -- Non-equilibrium dynamics -- Food web complexity -- Global Change -- 17.Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities -- Vent Habitat and Inhabitants -- New Insights on Species Interactions -- What are the roles of species interactions in a physically extreme habitat? -- Larval Dispersal and Exchange in Patchy, Disturbed Habitat -- |
|
Contents note continued: Implications and future directions -- The Geography of Abundance -- The abundant-center hypothesis -- Role of environmental heterogeneity -- Role of dispersal in uncoupling habitat favorability and local abundance -- Geographic variation in individual performance and demographic processes -- Role of plasticity in physiological and life history traits -- Role of evolutionary processes -- Implications and future directions -- Latitudinal Variation in Species Interactions -- Environmental stress gradients and the strength of competition and facilitation -- Influence of temperature on per capita predation and herbivory -- Population density, community composition, and context dependency -- The role of variation in recruitment -- Geographic mosaics of selection -- Tropical-temperate comparisons of species interactions -- Implications and future directions -- Local versus Regional Effects on Species Richness -- |
|
Contents note continued: Quantifying the role of biodiversity in supporting marine ecosystem services -- Assessing marine ecosystem resilience -- Linking science with action -- 19.Climate Change and Marine Communities -- What Is Climate Change? -- Physical and Chemical Effects of Climate Change on the Oceans -- Ocean warming -- Ocean acidification -- Ecological Effects of Climate Change -- Individual-level effects of ocean warming: Ecophysiology -- Population-level effects of ocean warming -- Individual- and population-level effects of ocean acidification -- Changes in geographic ranges and phenology -- Population- and species-level effects: Adaptation and acclimatization -- Population- and species-level effects: Extinction -- Community-level effects of climate change -- Ocean Solutions to Climate Change -- Climate Change and Ocean Ecosystem Services -- 20.Threats to Marine Ecosystems: Overfishing and Habitat Degradation -- Types of Fisheries -- |
|
Contents note continued: Regulation of predator-prey information transfer -- Propagule supply and large-scale connectivity -- 3.Foundation Species in Marine Ecosystems -- Foundation Species along Environmental Stress Gradients -- Foundation Species Shape the Spatial Pattern of the Landscape -- Interactions among Multiple Foundation Species -- Societal Value of Foundation Species -- Conservation Concerns -- Future Considerations -- 4.Marine Dispersal, Ecology, and Conservation -- Dispersal Kernels -- The Importance of Dispersal -- Population dynamics -- Community structure -- Metapopulation dynamics -- Biogeography -- Spread of advantageous alleles -- Measuring Dispersal with Genes -- Standard Equilibrium Population Genetics -- Genetic drift -- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium -- Testing differentiation -- Measuring gene flow -- The Waples zone -- The Geography of Dispersal and Genetics -- Isolation by distance (IBD) -- Seascape models of gene flow -- Nonequilibrium conditions -- |
|
Contents note continued: Seagrass Community Interaction Webs: A Conceptual Framework -- Seagrasses as Foundation Species -- Seagrass modification of the environment and of biotic interactions -- Seagrass demographic processes: Community-level consequences -- Control of Seagrass Community Processes -- Bottom-up control in seagrass communities -- Top-down control in seagrass communities -- Indirect effects of predation: Trophic cascades in seagrass ecosystems -- Grazer diversity and trophic processes in seagrass beds -- Seagrass Ecosystem Functioning and Services -- Control of productivity and trophic transfer in seagrass ecosystems -- Landscape-level interactions among seagrasses and other habitats -- Importance of seagrasses to human society -- Human Impacts on Seagrass Ecosystems -- Change in seagrass ecosystems -- Seagrass management and restoration -- Conclusions and Looking Forward -- Seagrasses in a global seascape -- |
|
Contents note continued: Tests of community saturation and regional enrichment in marine systems -- Latitudinal variation in local species interactions versus regional enrichment -- Implications and future directions -- 8.Marine Historical Ecology: Informing the Future by Learning from the Past -- Origin and Development of Marine Historical Ecology -- How We Can Learn about the Past -- Paleontological data -- Archaeological data -- Historical data -- Fisheries and hunting records -- Scientific surveys -- Living memory -- Molecular data -- Integrating different data sources and disciplines -- What We Can Learn from the Past -- Environmental changes -- Changes in species occurrence and abundance -- Habitat alterations -- Changes in water quality -- Species invasions -- Changes in ecosystem structure, functioning, and services -- Overarching patterns -- How the Past Can Inform the Future -- Science and ecology -- Management and conservation -- Teaching and communication -- |
|
Contents note continued: pt. II Community Types -- 9.Intertidal Rocky Shores -- Oceanographic Drivers of Rocky Intertidal Community Structure -- Scale: Relating Pattern to Process -- The analysis of pattern at multiple scales -- Effects of scale in manipulative experiments -- The Community Consequences of Predation Risk -- Nonconsumptive predator effects and trait-mediated indirect interactions -- NCEs, food chains, and ecosystem function -- The effects of physical factors on the importance of NCEs and TMIIs -- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning -- Climate Change and Local Human Impacts -- Shifting species ranges -- Climate-driven environmental fluctuations -- Local human impacts -- 10.Soft-Sediment Communities -- General Patterns -- Invasive Species in Soft Sediment -- Soft-sediment estuaries and associated marshes are the most invaded marine habitats -- Exotic species may have greater impacts in soft-sediment habitats -- Habitat Complexity and Soft-Sediment Communities -- |
|
Contents note continued: Kelp growth and forestation -- Kelp deforestation: Abiotic and biotic drivers -- Predation: Indirect effects on kelp forests -- Trophic cascades: General ecological theory illustrated by kelp forest dynamics -- Alternative Stable States: Ecosystem Flips, Locks, and Feedbacks -- Multiplicative effects of climate change and fishing -- Other phase shifts from kelp forest: Interactions of local stressors with climate change -- 15.Pelagic Communities -- Boundaries on a Boundless Ocean -- Physical environment -- Temperature -- Stratification -- Fronts -- Upwelling -- Eddies -- Delineation of Pelagic Habitats and Production Units -- Boundary schemes -- Boundless species -- Patterns and Processes in Pelagic Habitats -- Patchiness and scale of physical and biological variables -- Benthic-pelagic coupling -- Size-structured food webs -- Gradients in species diversity and body size -- Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Forcing in Pelagic Communities -- |
|
Machine generated contents note: 1.A Short History of Marine Community Ecology -- The Beginning of Marine Ecology -- Simple but Powerful Field Experiments Shift the Focus and Rigor of Marine Ecology -- Marine Community Ecology since 2000 -- Why Marine Ecology? -- pt. I Processes that Generate Pattern in Marine Communities -- 2.The Physical Context of Marine Communities -- The Context Sensitivity of Organismal-Environmental Interactions -- Scaling up -- Important Aspects of the Physical Environment -- A few basic properties of fluids -- Derived quantities -- The Importance of Gradients -- Gradients as determinants of physiological performance -- Mass transfer -- Heat transfer -- Benthic, momentum, and diffusive boundary layers -- Ecological Implications -- Ecological effects of DBL and mass flux limitation -- Flow effects in the benthic boundary layer -- Effects of Physical Forces across Scales -- Fertilization, attachment, and propagule supply -- Food delivery -- |
| Summary |
This textbook is organized into three parts. The first explores processes that generate pattern in benthic communities. The middle examines the ecology of specific marine benthic community types, ranging from rocky shores and soft substrate habitats to kelp forests and coral reefs. The close examines conservation and management issues, emphasizing how profoundly marine communities are impacted by humans |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Benthos.
|
|
Marine ecology.
|
| Author |
Bertness, Mark D., 1949- editor of compilation
|
|
Bruno, John F., editor of compilation
|
|
Silliman, Brian R., 1972- editor of compilation
|
|
Stachowicz, John J., editor of compilation
|
| LC no. |
2013021401 |
| ISBN |
1605352284 (hardback) |
|
9781605352282 (hardback) |
