| Description |
xiv, 878 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), color maps ; 29 cm |
| Contents |
Machine generated contents note: UNIT ONE Introduction to the Discipline -- ch. 1 The Science of Biogeography -- What is Biogeography? -- Definition -- Relationships to other sciences and outline of the book -- Philosophy and basic principles -- Doing Contemporary Biogeography -- ch. 2 The History of Biogeography -- The Age of Exploration -- Biogeography of the Nineteenth century -- Four British scientists -- Box 2.1 Biogeographic Principles Advocated / Alfred Russel Wallace -- Other contributions of the nineteenth century -- The First Half of the Twentieth Century -- Biogeography since the 1950s -- UNIT TWO The Geographic and Ecological Foundations of Biogeography -- ch. 3 The Geographic Template: Visualization and Analysis of Biogeography Patterns -- Definition and Components of the Geographic Template -- The geographic template -- Climate -- Soils -- Aquatic environments -- Time -- Two-Dimensional Renderings of the Geographic Template -- Early maps and cartography -- |
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Contents note continued: Flattening the globe: Projections and geographic coordinate systems -- Visualization of Biogeographic Patterns -- History and exemplars of visualization in biogeography -- The GIS revolution -- Cartograms and strategic "distortions" -- Obtaining Geo-Referenced Data -- Humboldt's legacy: A global system of observatories -- Remote sensing and satellite imagery -- Interpolation over space and time -- Analysis of Biogeographic Patterns -- ch. 4 Distributions of Species: Ecological Foundations -- Biogeography's Fundamental Unit -- The Distribution of Individuals -- The Distribution of Species Populations -- Mapping and measuring the range -- Population growth and demography -- Hutchinson's multidimensional niche concept -- The geographic range as a reflection of the niche -- The relationship between distribution and abundance -- What Limits the Geographic Range? -- Physical limiting factors -- Disturbance and time -- Interactions with other organisms -- |
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Contents note continued: A Preview of Derived Patterns -- Range dynamics -- Areography: Size, shape, and internal structure of the range -- Ecogeography: Variation in phenotypes across the range -- Multispecies patterns: Range overlap, richness, and exclusive distributions -- Predicting Fundamental and Realized Range -- Synthesis -- ch. 5 Distributions of Communities -- Historical and Biogeographic Perspectives -- Communities and Ecosystems -- Definitions -- Community organization: Energetic considerations -- Distribution of Communities in Space and Time -- Spatial patterns -- Temporal patterns -- Terrestrial Biomes -- Tropical rain forest -- Tropical deciduous forest -- Thorn woodland -- Tropical savanna -- Desert -- Sclerophyllous woodland -- Subtropical evergreen forest -- Temperate deciduous forest -- Temperate rain forest -- Temperate grassland -- Boreal forest -- Tundra -- Aquatic Communities -- Marine communities -- Freshwater communities -- |
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Contents note continued: A Global Comparison of Biomes and Communities -- Ecosystem Geography -- UNIT THREE Fundamental Biogeographic Processes and Earth History -- ch. 6 Dispersal and Immigration -- What is Dispersal? -- Dispersal as an ecological process -- Dispersal as a historical biogeographic event -- Dispersal and Range Expansion -- Jump dispersal -- Diffusion -- Secular migration -- Mechanisms of Movement -- Active dispersal -- Passive dispersal -- The Nature of Barriers -- Physiological barriers -- Ecological and psychological barriers -- Biotic Exchange and Dispersal Routes -- Corridors -- Filters -- Sweepstakes routes -- Other means of biotic exchange -- Dispersal curves within and among species -- Establishing a Colony -- Influence of habitat selection -- What constitutes a propagule? -- Survival in a new ecosystem -- Advances in the Study of Dispersal -- ch. 7 Speciation and Extinction -- |
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Contents note continued: Box 7.1 Glossary of Some Terms Used by Systematists and Evolutionary Biologists -- Systematics -- What are species? -- Higher classifications -- Speciation -- Mechanisms of genetic differentiation -- Allopatric speciation -- Sympatric and parapatric speciation -- Diversification -- Ecological differentiation -- Adaptive radiation -- Extinction -- Ecological processes -- Recent extinctions -- Extinctions in the fossil record -- Macroevolution -- Evolution in the fossil record -- Species selection -- The role of historical contingency -- Micro- and macroevolution: Toward a synthesis -- ch. 8 The Changing Earth -- The Geological Timescale -- Estimating time -- The Theory of Continental Drift -- Wegener's theory -- Early opposition to continental drift -- Evidence for continental drift -- Box 8.1 Stratigraphic, Paleoclimatic, and Paleontological Discoveries that Contributed to the Acceptance of the Theory of Continental Drift -- The Current Model -- |
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Contents note continued: Earth's Tectonic History -- Tectonic History of the Continents -- Tectonic development of marine basins and island chains -- Climatic and Biogeographic Consequences of Plate Tectonics -- ch. 9 Glaciation and Biogeographic Dynamics of The Pleistocene -- Extent of Pleistocene Glaciation -- Effects on Non-Glaciated Areas -- Temperature -- Geographic shifts in climatic zones -- Sea level change during the Pleistocene -- Biogeographic Responses to Climatic Cycles of the Pleistocene -- Box 9.1 Biogeographic Responses to Climatic Cycles of the Pleistocene -- Biogeographic responses of terrestrial biotas -- Dynamics of plant communities in the aridlands of North and South America -- Aquatic systems -- Biotic Exchange and Glacial Cycles -- Glacial Refugia -- Extinctions of the Pleistocene Megafauna -- UNIT FOUR Evolutionary History of Lineages and Biotas -- ch. 10 The Geography of Diversification -- The Fundamental Geographic Patterns -- |
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Contents note continued: Endemism and Cosmopolitanism -- The origins of endemics -- Provincialism -- Terrestrial regions and provinces -- Box 10.1 Endemic Birds and Plants of South America and Australia -- Marine regions and provinces -- Classifying islands -- Quantifying similarity among biotas -- Box 10.2 Endemic Birds and Plants of South America and Australia -- Disjunction -- Patterns -- Processes -- Maintenance of Distinct Biotas -- Barriers between biogeographic regions -- Resistance to invasion -- Avian migration and provincialism -- Biotic Interchange -- The Great American Biotic Interchange -- The Lessepsian exchange: The Suez Canal -- The Divergence and Convergence of Isolated Biotas -- Divergence -- Convergence -- Overview -- ch. 11 Reconstructing The History of Lineages -- Classifying Biodiversity and inferring Evolutionary relationships -- Systematics -- Evolutionary systematics -- Numerical phenetics -- Phylogenetic systematics -- |
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Contents note continued: Box 11.1 The Principles and Rules of Hennigian Logic -- Molecular Systematics -- Box 11.2 The Basis of Hennig's Paradigm: A Hypothetical Example of Cladogenesis and cladogram Construction -- Phylogeography -- The dual nature of phylogeography -- Combining phylogeography and ecological niche modeling -- The Fossil Record -- Limitations of the fossil record -- Biogeographic implications of fossils -- Molecular Clocks and Estimating Times of Divergence -- The Future of Lineage Reconstruction -- ch. 12 Reconstructing The History of Biotas -- Origins of Modern Historical Biogeography -- Early efforts: Determining centers of origin and directions of dispersal -- From center of origin-dispersal to vicariance -- Beyond Vicariance Biogeography and Simple Vicariance -- Fundamental questions and issues in modern historical biogeography -- Box 12.1 Defining and Delineating Areas of Endemism -- |
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Contents note continued: Box 12.2 Processes That Reduce the Generality of the General Area Cladogram -- Three approaches to reconstructing area and lineage histories -- Box 12.3 Primary and Secondary Brooks Parsimony Analysis -- Phylogeography, again -- Box 12.4 Statistical Phylogeography -- What Are We Learning about Lineage and Biotic Histories? -- Histories in Gondwanaland -- Histories in the Holarctic -- Histories in, and Just before, the ice ages -- The Continuing Transformation of Historical Biogeography -- UNIT FIVE Ecological Biogeography -- ch. 13 Island Biogeography: Patterns in Species Richness -- Historical Background -- Island Patterns -- The species-area relationship -- Box 13.1 Interpretations and Comparisons of Constants in the Species-Area Relationship: An Additional Caution -- The species-isolation relationship -- Species turnover -- Box 13.2 Independent "Discovery" of the Equilibrium Theory of island Biogeography -- |
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Contents note continued: The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography -- Strengths and Weaknesses of the theory -- Tests of the model -- Additional patterns in insular species richness -- Nonequilibrium biotas -- Frontiers of Island Biogeography -- ch. 14 Island Biogeography: Assembly and Evolution of Insular Biotas -- Beyond Richness: The Nature of Insular Biotas -- Endemism -- Similarity and nested structure among islands -- Distributions of particular species -- The depauperate and disharmonic character of isolated biotas -- Forces Assembling Insular Biotas -- Immigrant selection -- Selective extinctions -- Ecologicl Selection, assembly rules, and ecological release -- Adaptive radiations -- Evolution of island life -- Dispersal denied: Sticking to the wreck -- Release, displacement, and evolving ecologies -- Transforming life's most fundamental character: Size -- Empirical patterns: Generality of the island rule -- Box 14.1 New Zealand's Moas: Four Times Anomalous -- |
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Contents note continued: Taxon Cycles and "A Biogeography of the Species" -- E. O. Wilson's epiphany -- The theory of taxon cycles -- A "biogeography of the species" lost -- ch. 15 Ecological Geography of Continental and Oceanic Biotas -- The Geographic Range: Areography and Macroecology -- Areography: Sizes, shapes, and overlaps of ranges -- The internal structure of geographic ranges -- Frontiers of areography -- Ecogeographic Rules -- Ecogeography of the terrestrial realm -- Ecogeography of the marine realm -- The Geography of Biotic Diversity -- Diversity measures and terminology -- The latitudinal gradient in species diversity -- Other geographic gradients in species richness -- Toward a general explanation of the geography of diversity -- UNIT SIX Conservation and the Frontiers of Biogeography -- ch. 16 Conservation Biogeography and the Dynamic Geography of Humanity -- The Biodiversity crisis and the Geography of Extinctions -- Biodiversity and the Linnaean shortfall -- |
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Contents note continued: The geography of prehistoric extinctions -- The geography of recent extinctions and endangerment -- Geographic range collapse -- The Dynamic Geography of Extinction Forces -- The ecology and geography of invasions -- Dynamic landscapes and seascapes -- Biogeography of global climate change -- The biogeography of humanity -- Conservation Biogeography -- Box 16.1 A Case Study in Conservation Biogeography-Biological Diversity of the Philippines -- ch. 17 The Frontiers of Biogeography -- From the foundations to the Frontiers of Biogeography -- The Frontiers -- New Dimensions of Biogeography |
| Summary |
Biogeography, first published in 1983, is one of the most comprehensive text and general reference books in the field. The Fourth Edition builds on the strengths of previous editions, combining evolutionary and ecological perspectives to show how Earth history, contemporary environments, and evolutionary and ecological processes have shaped species distributions and nearly all patterns of biodiversity. It is an empirically and conceptually rich text that illustrates general patterns and processes using examples from a diversity of plants and animals across the Earth s aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Biogeography, Fourth Edition is written as a primary text for undergraduate and graduate courses, and is also an invaluable reference for biogeographers, ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and conservation biologists. Starting from simple facts and principles and assuming only a rudimentary knowledge of biology, geography, and Earth history, the text explains the relationships between geographic variation in biodiversity and the geological, ecological, and evolutionary processes that have produced them. Written in an engaging style, Biogeography emphasizes the interplay between unifying concepts and presents evidence that supports or challenges these concepts. The use of color illustrations (new to this edition), evaluated and optimized for colorblind readers as well, has transformed our abilities to illustrate key concepts and empirical patterns in the geography of nature. The addition of the distinguished plant ecologist and biogeographer Robert J. Whittaker to our team of authors has substantially enhanced the balance and depth of coverage of classical foundations, empirical case studies, and frontiers of biogeography |
| Notes |
"Rev. ed. of: Biogeography / Mark V. Lomolino, Brett R. Riddle, James H. Brown. 3rd ed." |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Biogeography.
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| Author |
Lomolino, Mark V., 1953-
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Lomolino, Mark V., 1953-
Biogeography
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| LC no. |
2010022662 |
| ISBN |
9780878934942 hardcover |
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0878934944 hardcover |
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