Title Under the gun : political parties and violence in Pakistan / Niloufer A. Siddiqui

Published Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2023 ©2023

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Description 1 online resource Contents Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: Violence amid Democracy -- 1.1 Why Parties Use Violence, and how they do so: The Argument in Brief -- 1.2 This Book's Contributions and the Limits of Existing Explanations -- 1.3 Scope Conditions -- 1.4 Empirical Approach -- 1.5 Why Pakistan? -- 1.6 Book Plan -- 2 The Logic of Party Violence -- 2.1 Costs and Benefits of Party Violence -- 2.1.1 Coercion for Direct Electoral Benefit 2.1.2 Violence Accompanying Clientelistic Exchange -- 2.1.3 Violence for Economic Gain -- 2.1.4 Violence to Polarize a Divided Populace -- 2.1.5 Local Constituent Costs -- 2.1.6 Reputational Costs -- 2.1.7 Nonvoter Costs -- 2.2 Weak state Capacity and Violence Specialists -- 2.3 Party's Support Base: Concept and Measurement -- 2.4 Party Organizational Structure: Concept and Measurement -- 2.5 Strategies of Party Violence -- 2.5.1 Direct Violence -- 2.5.2 Outsourcing Violence -- 2.5.3 Alliance Formation with Violence Specialists -- 2.5.4 No Violence -- 2.6 conclusion 3 Setting the Stage: Violence, State Capacity, and Political Representation in Pakistan -- 3.1 Pakistan's Civil-Military Balance -- 3.2 The Maintenance of Law and Order and Manifestations of Violence In Pakistan -- 3.3 Differing Political Landscapes of State Capacity in Pakistan -- 3.3.1 Landscapes of Shared Sovereignty in Pakis -- 3.3.2 Multiple Competing Sovereigns and Ethnic Cleavages: The Case of Karachi -- 3.4 Party Organizations Amidst Weak State Capacity -- 3.4.1 The PPP and the PML-N: Weak Organizational Structures -- 3.4.2 The ANP and MQM: Strong Organizational Structures 3.5 conclusion -- 4 Who Owns the Guns? The Muttahida Qaumi Movement and Violence in Karachi -- 4.1 The MQM's Electoral Ascent and Ethnic Politics in Karachi -- 4.2 The MQM as Perpetrator -- and Victim -- of Violence -- 4.2.1 Intimidating Opposition Voters, Booth Capture, and Altering Ethnic Geography -- 4.2.2 Violence for Economic Rent -- 4.2.3 Violence against -- and Victimization at the Hands of -- the State -- 4.2.4 Violence to Polarize the Populace -- 4.3 The MQM's Captive Muhajir Support Base -- 4.4 The Costs of Violence -- Or Lack Thereof 4.5 The MQM's Organizational Structure and its Capacity for Violence -- 4.5.1 Nature of Electoral Candidates -- 4.5.2 Party Member Socialization -- 4.5.3 Financial Electoral Support of Candidates -- 4.5.4 Party Offices and Events -- 4.6 The 2018 National Elections and the Future of the MQM -- 4.7 Alternative Explanations -- 4.8 conclusion -- 5 The Pakistan Peoples Party and the Gangs of Lyari, Karachi -- 5.1 A Brief History of Governance in Lyari: Party Politics, Local Notables, and Criminal Gangs -- 5.2 The Birth of the People's Aman Committee Summary The book draws on Pakistan's experience to explore why and when political parties engage in violence or ally with militant actors Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 241-259) and index Notes Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on December 03, 2022) Subject Political parties -- Pakistan Political violence -- Pakistan Democracy -- Pakistan Democratization -- Pakistan Democracy. Democratization. Political parties. Political violence. Politics and government. SUBJECT Pakistan -- Politics and government -- 1988- http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh90001403 Subject Pakistan. Form Electronic book ISBN 9781009242530 1009242539 9781009242516 1009242512

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