| Description |
1 online resource (258 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Contents |
PART I Introduction: 1 Research Approach -- 1.1 Validity of Chosen Themes -- 1.2 Validity ofl-Nikunau as a Study Identity -- 1.2.1 Utu -- 1.3 Empirical Materials -- 1.4 Intent of Applying My Methods -- PART II I-Nikunau in the Present: 2 On Nikunau Atoll -- 3 On (South) Tarawa -- 4 Beyond Kiribati -- 4.1 On Great Britain -- 4.2 On Te Ika-a-Maui and Te Waipounamu (Aotearoa New Zealand) -- PART III Retrospective Analysis of I-Nikunau and Interpretation of their Circumstances: 5 Geographical Circumstances {te mauri) -- 5.1 Comings and Goings, and Seeds of Diaspora -- 5.2 Diaspora taking Roots -- 5.2.1 Tarawa: Centralisation and Precedence -- 5.2.2 Consequences for I-Nikunau of Centralisation -- 5.2.3 Phoenix, Solomon and Line Islands -- 5.2.4 Metropolitan Countries -- 6 Demographical Circumstances (te mauri) -- 6.1 Population ofl-Nikunau and ofNikunau -- 6.2 Settlements on Nikunau -- 6.3 Settlements in the Diaspora -- 7 Economic Circumstances (te tabomoa) -- 7.1 Copra and Money and Non-Traditional Entities on Nikunau -- 7.2 Dynamics of Economic and Related Developments on and away from Nikunau -- 7.2.1 Bartering with Foreign Visitors -- 7.2.2 Private Trade Stores -- 7.2.3 Cooperative Trade Stores -- 7.3 Fmiher Aspects of Economic Change in Kiribati -- 7.3.l Tarawa's Economy -- 7.3.2 Nikunau's Economy -- 7.4 Metropolitan Countries -- 7.4.1 Backwash and Spread Effects on Tarawa from Metropolitan -- 8 Environmental Circumstances (te mauri) -- 8.1 Tarawa's "Worrisome Trend" -- 8.2 On Nikunau -- 8.3 Diasporic Communities on Higher Ground -- 8.4 Climate Change and Emigration -- 8.4.1 Immigration Information -- 9 Biological Circumstances (te mauri) -- 10 Nutritional and Corporeal Circumstances (te mauri) -- 10.1 On Nikunau -- 10.2 Tarawa -- 10.3 Aotearoa New Zealand -- 11 Political Circumstances (tejaoi) -- 11.1 Govermnent in Kiribati -- 11.2 From Mwaneaba District Autonomy on Nikunau to Rule from Tarawa -- 11.2.1 I-Nikunau governing themselves traditionally on Nikunau -- 11.2.2 Informal Colonialism on Nikunau -- 11.2.3 British Colonial Rule -- 11.2.4 Rule by I-Kirlbati -- 11.3 I-Nikunau in the Political System -- 11.4 Quasi-traditional Governance on Nikunau and within Diasporic Communities -- 12 Spiritual Circumstances (te raoi) -- 12.1 I-Nikunau's Traditional Spiritual Beliefs 12.2 Religious "Conversion" -- 12.2.1 Fundraising -- 12.3 Consequences of Christianity for I-Nikunau -- 13 Educational Circumstances (te mauri) -- 13.1 Outline of Formal Education -- 13.2 Retrospective Analysis of Education on Nikunau and within Kiribati -- 13.2.1 Traditional Education -- 13.2.2 Missron Schools -- 13.2.3 Primary Schools -- 13.2.4 Secondary Schools -- 13.2.5 Tertiary Study -- 13.3 Esteem and Impact of Non-Traditional Education Qualifying to Emigrate Knowledge Varying by Location Conflicts between Traditional and Formal Education -- 13.4 Formal Education and its Wider Consequences -- 14 Social Circumstances (te mauri ao te raoi) -- 14.1 Mwenga as the Basic Kin Units -- 14.2 Community Activities and Botaki -- 14.3 Aba, Lands and People -- 14.4 Te Katei ni Kiribati and Differentiation -- 14.5 Unimane, Unaine and other Age and Gender Statuses -- 14.6 Genealogical Accounts -- 14.7 Social Categories and Resources of a Colonial and Post-Colonial Nature -- 15 Organisational Circumstances (te raoi) -- 15.1 Tradition and Effects oflnitial Challenges -- 15.1.1 The Maritime Trade -- 15.1.2 Island Administration -- 15.2 Colonial and Traditional Traits in Present-day Organisations -- 15.3 Conflicts between the Traditional and Non-traditional -- 15.4 Diasporic Communities -- 16 Distributional Circumstances (te tabomoa) -- 16.1 Distributions among I-Nikunau -- 16.2 Distributions between I-Nikunau and Others -- 16.3 Distributions between I-Nikunau Communities -- 17 Cultural Circumstances (te raoi) -- 17.1 I-Nikunau Culture -- 17.2 External Influences on I-Nikunau Culture -- 18 Societal Circumstances (te mauri ao te raoi) -- PART IV Conclusion: References -- Acknowledgements -- Abstract in Te Taetae ni Kiribati |
| Summary |
Life for people on atolls is hard, affected by droughts, rough seas and other adverse climatic conditions, and now, rise in sea level threatens their very inhabitance. No wonder kinship is the foundation of atoll societies, traditional and modern! This book presents a multidisciplinary, retrospective analysis of a Pacific Atoll People living in several countries but held together as a diaspora through notions of kinship. The People have ancestral, cultural, social and continuing residential connections with Nikunau Atoll, at the centre of the Pacific Ocean and once a Cinderella of the British Empire. The analysis explicates their present diasporic circumstances and the pathways through which these arose historically. The intention is to provide a basis for better prospects for succeeding generations from a critical, better-informed standpoint. The analysis relies on the partisan stance of the author, whose kinship ties with I-Nikunau (people who identify with Nikunau) are affinal, and his 30-year immersion among the People in question. In addition, a large quantity of literature sources and other secondary data are woven into the analysis, as situations and events are grappled with, articulated, interpreted and written into the book. The circumstances are analysed under 14 themes, namely, geographical, demographical, economic, environmental, cultural, societal, etc. The analysis should stir the waters of recent research about Nikunau and Kiribati, much of it concerned with environmental changes making uninhabitable Nikunau, Tarawa and other atolls where I-Nikunau reside, and imagining their resettlement on higher ground, for example, New Zealand, where several diasporic communities exist already.00This recent research refers frequently to the social, cultural and economic matters covered in this book, indicating how relevant and important these matters are to the future of I-Nikunau and I-Kiribati |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Subject |
Island people -- Pacific Area
|
|
Island life -- Pacific Area
|
|
Climatic changes -- Pacific Area
|
|
Island people.
|
|
Island life.
|
|
Climatic changes
|
|
Island life
|
|
Island people
|
|
Pacific Area
|
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| ISBN |
9789464260311 |
|
9464260319 |
|
