Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 The spatial component of evolution; Models of spatial evolution in biogeography; The centre of origin model; The vicariance model: differentiation of a widespread ancestor; Origin of the ancestor; Subsequent range expansion leading to geographic overlap; Allopatric groups that show reciprocal monophyly; 'Basal' groups and centres of origin; Interpreting phylogenies as sequences of vicariance events, rather than sequences of dispersal events; Groups with a basal grade in one region; Groups with a basal grade in one region and widespread apical clades
AsteraceaeA worldwide bee: Hylaeus; Overlap in distribution; The four processes proposed in biogeography and the two that are accepted here; Ecological speciation; Case-studies in and around Australasia; Ampelopsis and allies in the grape family (Vitaceae); Evolution around the Indian Ocean: differentiation in Poaceae subfamily Danthonioideae; The tremands (Elaeocarpaceae): is the centre of diversity and the location of the basal grade a centre of origin?; Repeated breaks at the same nodes: pygmy perches (Percichthyidae) and east/west differentiation in Australia
A diverse beetle genus: Bembidion (Carabidae)Malurus: is Australia a centre of origin or a centre of differentiation?; Pittosporaceae: south-eastern Australia as a centre of origin or a centre of differentiation; Biogeography and dispersal; Means of dispersal; Changing ideas on dispersal in marine groups; Changing ideas on dispersal in freshwater microorganisms; 'Dispersal': one word, several concepts; 1. Normal ecological dispersal; 2. Range expansion; 3. 'Chance dispersal' ('long-distance dispersal', 'speciation by founder dispersal'); Dispersal and two different concepts of chance
Biogeography and geneticsCritique of founder effect speciation in population genetics studies; Incongruence between patterns of variation in different genes and characters; Examples of incongruence and incomplete lineage sorting; Biogeography and ecology; Ecological centres of origin: ancestral habitats; The CODA paradigm: centre of origin-dispersal-adaptation; 2 Evolution in time; Equating the age of a node with the age of the oldest known fossil; Age of fossil versus age of clade
The transmogrification of minimum (fossil-based) ages into maximum ages and the use of these to rule out earlier vicarianceEarly, informal transmogrification of fossil-calibrated ages into maximum clade ages; Transmogrification of clade ages in a Bayesian framework; Monimiaceae; Annonaceae; Arecaceae; Begoniaceae; Bees; Specifying Bayesian priors and their parameters; Estimating sampling error in the fossil record; The fossil record and the rock record; The assignment of fossils on phylogenies: another problem in molecular dating; The fossil record and its interpretation
Summary
A fascinating analysis of the main patterns of distribution and evolution of the Australasian biota
