| Description |
1 online resource (411 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrochemical Sustainable Processes -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Effluent Treatment and Recycling -- 1.3 Green Electrochemistry -- 1.4 Electrochemistry and Energy Sustainability -- 1.5 Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells -- 1.5.1 The Hydrogen Economy -- 1.5.1.1 Hydrogen Generation, Storage and Use -- 1.5.2 Fuel Cells -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Electrochemistry, Electrocatalysis and Thermodynamics -- 2.1 The Electrochemical Cell -- 2.1.1 Faraday's Law -- 2.2 Electrochemical Thermodynamics -- 2.2.1 Gibbs Free Energy -- 2.2.2 Free Energy and Equilibrium Constants -- 2.2.3 Free Energy and Cell Potentials -- 2.2.3.1 Cell Potential versus pH Diagrams -- 2.3 Types of Electrochemical Reactions -- 2.3.1 Electric Double Layer -- 2.3.2 Electrochemical Reaction -- 2.3.3 Electrochemical Kinetics -- 2.3.3.1 Activation Energy for Electron Transfer -- 2.3.4 A Model of Electrode Kinetics -- 2.3.4.1 Experimental Behaviour -- 2.3.4.2 The Generalized Butler-Volmer Equation -- 2.4 Mass Transport and Electrochemical Reactions -- 2.4.1 Electrode Kinetics and Mass Transport -- 2.4.2 Butler-Volmer Equations and Departure from Equilibrium Potentials -- 2.4.3 Multistep Reactions -- 2.4.4 The Role of Adsorption -- 2.4.5 The Hydrogen Electrode and Oxygen Electrode Reactions -- 2.4.5.1 Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution -- 2.4.5.2 The Oxygen Electrode -- 2.4.6 Voltammetry and the Platinum Electrode -- 2.4.6.1 Cyclic Voltammetry -- 2.4.7 Rotating Disc Electrode -- 2.4.7.1 Koutecky-Levich Analysis -- 2.4.8 Rotating Ring Disc Electrode -- 2.5 Photoelectrochemistry -- 2.5.1 Semiconductors and Light Absorption -- 2.5.2 Electron Transfer at Semiconductor Electrodes -- 2.5.3 Current-Potential Relations -- 2.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy |
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2.6.1 Polarization Resistance -- 2.6.2 Warburg Impedance -- References -- Chapter 3 Electrochemical Cells, Materials and Reactors -- 3.1 Electrochemical Reactors -- 3.1.1 Current Efficiency -- 3.1.2 Production Rates -- 3.1.3 Energy Requirements -- 3.1.3.1 Cell Voltage -- 3.1.4 Energy Requirements and Efficiency in Hydrogen Production -- 3.1.4.1 Thermodynamics of Steam Electrolysis -- 3.1.4.2 Efficiency of Water Splitting to Hydrogen -- 3.2 Fuel Cells -- 3.2.1 Fuel Cell Efficiency -- 3.2.2 Practical Efficiencies -- 3.2.3 Fuel Cell Voltage -- 3.2.4 Mass Transport and Concentration Effects -- 3.2.5 Fuel and Oxidant Crossover -- 3.2.6 Figures of Merit -- 3.3 Batteries -- 3.3.1 C-Rate -- 3.4 Capacitors -- 3.4.1 Asymmetric Supercapacitors -- 3.5 Electrochemical Cell Engineering -- 3.5.1 Cell Designs -- 3.5.1.1 Temperature Control -- 3.5.1.2 The Distribution of Power and Current -- 3.5.2 Three-Dimensional Electrodes -- 3.5.3 Cell Components and Materials -- 3.5.3.1 Electrode Materials -- 3.5.3.2 Electrodes -- 3.5.3.3 Cell Membranes -- 3.5.3.4 Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.5.3.5 Species Transport in Membranes and Diaphragms -- 3.5.3.6 The Transport Number -- 3.5.3.7 Transport Processes in Diaphragms -- 3.5.3.8 Membranes and the Transport of Ions -- References -- Chapter 4 Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Electro-Organic Synthesis -- 4.1 Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide -- 4.1.1 Technological Applications -- 4.1.1.1 Commercial Outlook -- 4.1.2 High Temperature Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis -- 4.1.3 Carbon Capture -- 4.1.4 Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide -- 4.1.5 Biological Electrochemical Reduction Processes -- 4.1.5.1 Bacteria and Enzyme Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction -- 4.2 Organic Synthesis -- 4.2.1 Electro-Organic Syntheses -- 4.2.2 Electrosynthesis of Adiponitrile -- 4.3 Green Electro-Organic Synthesis |
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4.3.1 Ionic Liquids -- 4.3.2 Paired Electro-Organic Synthesis -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Hydrogen Production and Water Electrolysis -- 5.1 Fossil Fuel Based Hydrogen Production -- 5.2 Hydrogen via Electrolysis -- 5.2.1 Alkaline Electrolysers -- 5.2.1.1 Electrolyser Types and Materials -- 5.2.1.2 Electrode Materials -- 5.2.2 Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis -- 5.2.2.1 The Membrane Electrolyte -- 5.2.3 Electrocatalysts -- 5.2.3.1 Hydrogen Evolution -- 5.2.3.2 Oxygen Evolution -- 5.2.3.3 Catalyst Preparation -- 5.2.4 Production Rates and Energy Requirements in Water Electrolysis -- 5.2.5 Alkaline Polymer Electrolytes -- 5.2.6 High-Temperature Electrolysis of Steam -- 5.2.7 Electrolysis Using Organic Fuels -- 5.2.7.1 Electrolysis of Alcohols -- 5.2.8 Electrolytic Oxygen Generation -- 5.2.8.1 Electrochemical Air Purification -- 5.3 Photoelectrolysis -- 5.3.1 Photocatalysts -- 5.3.1.1 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells -- 5.3.2 Photocathodes and Tandem Cells -- 5.4 Thermal and Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen from Water -- 5.4.1 Thermochemical Hydrogen Production -- 5.4.2 Electrolysis and Thermochemical Cycles -- 5.4.2.1 Calcium-Bromine Cycle -- 5.4.2.2 Sulfur-Hydrogen Cycle -- 5.4.2.3 Sulfur-Bromine Cycle -- 5.4.2.4 Photoelectrocatalytic Process -- 5.4.2.5 Low Temperature Thermochemical Cycle -- 5.5 Chemical Production of Hydrogen -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Inorganic Synthesis -- 6.1 Chemicals from the Electrolysis of Halides -- 6.1.1 The Reaction Chemistry for the Chlorine -- 6.1.2 Chlorine and Sodium Hydroxide Production: The Chlor-Alkali Industry -- 6.1.2.1 Membrane Cells -- 6.1.2.2 Diaphragm Cells -- 6.1.2.3 Mercury Cells -- 6.1.2.4 Oxygen Cathodes -- 6.1.3 Hydrochloric Acid Electrolysis -- 6.1.4 Fluorine -- 6.1.5 Hypochlorite and Chlorate -- 6.1.6 Perchlorate and Perchloric Acid |
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6.1.7 Bromate, Iodate and Periodate -- 6.2 Electrolytic Processes for Metal Processing -- 6.2.1 Electrowinning -- 6.2.1.1 Aqueous Electrolytes -- 6.2.2 Molten Salt Electrolytes -- 6.2.2.1 Aluminium Production -- 6.2.3 Ionic Liquid Electrolytes -- 6.3 Inorganic Compounds and Salts -- 6.3.1 Peroxidisulfate Electrosynthesis -- 6.3.2 Permanganate -- 6.4 Generation of Chemical Oxidants -- 6.4.1 Hydrogen Peroxide -- 6.4.1.1 Electrochemistry of Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis -- 6.4.1.2 Commercial Development -- 6.4.2 Ozone -- 6.4.2.1 Ozone Production from Water Electrolysis -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Electrochemical Energy Storage and Power Sources -- 7.1 Batteries -- 7.1.1 Secondary Batteries -- 7.1.1.1 Ragone Plots -- 7.1.2 Types of Batteries -- 7.1.3 Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 7.1.4 Molten Salt Batteries -- 7.1.5 Metal-Air Batteries -- 7.1.5.1 Zinc-Air Battery -- 7.1.5.2 Lithium-Air Battery -- 7.1.5.3 Aprotic Solvent Rechargeable Li-Air Battery -- 7.1.5.4 Solid-State Li-Air Battery -- 7.1.5.5 Mixed Aqueous/Aprotic -- 7.1.5.6 Other Non-Aqueous Metal-Air Batteries -- 7.1.5.7 Sodium-Air Batteries -- 7.1.5.8 Other Battery Development -- 7.1.6 Redox Flow Batteries -- 7.1.6.1 Redox Battery Systems -- 7.1.6.2 All-Vanadium Redox Flow Cell -- 7.1.6.3 Vanadium-Chloride/Polyhalide Redox Flow Cell -- 7.1.6.4 Polysulfide-Bromide Fuel Cell -- 7.1.6.5 Vanadium-Cerium Redox Flow Cell -- 7.1.7 Carbon-Air Batteries -- 7.1.7.1 Direct Carbon-Air Fuel Cell Reactions -- 7.1.7.2 Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology Based on Metal Hydroxide Electrolyte -- 7.1.8 Borohydride Cells -- 7.1.8.1 Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidant -- 7.2 Supercapacitors -- 7.2.1 Electrolytes for Supercapacitors -- 7.2.2 Hybrid or Asymmeytric Supercapacitors -- 7.2.2.1 Gel Polymer Electrolytes -- 7.3 Biological Fuel Cells -- 7.3.1 Microbial Fuel Cells |
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7.3.1.1 Measuring Microbial Fuel Cell Performance -- 7.3.1.2 Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell -- 7.3.1.3 Membranes for Microbial Fuel Cells -- 7.3.1.4 Applications of Microbial Fuel Cells -- 7.3.1.5 Treatment of Biodegradable Organic Matter -- 7.3.2 Enzymatic Fuel Cells -- 7.3.2.1 Mediated Electron-Transfer -- 7.3.2.2 Enzymes for Cathodic Reactions in Biological Fuel Cells -- References -- Chapter 8 Electrochemical Energy Systems and Power Sources: Fuel Cells -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Principle of Fuel Cell Operation -- 8.3 Fuel Cell Systems -- 8.3.1 Cell Stacking -- 8.3.2 Fuel Cell Balance of Plant -- 8.4 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells -- 8.4.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell structure -- 8.4.2 Gas Diffusion Layer -- 8.4.3 Water Management -- 8.4.4 Catalysts -- 8.4.5 Membrane Materials -- 8.4.6 Material Issues in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells -- 8.4.7 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance -- 8.4.8 Higher Temperature Membranes -- 8.4.9 Membranes with Heteropolyacids -- 8.4.9.1 Pyrophosphates -- 8.4.9.2 Solid Acids -- 8.4.10 Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes -- 8.5 Alkaline Fuel Cells -- 8.5.1 Cell Components -- 8.5.1.1 Gas Diffusion Electrodes -- 8.5.1.2 Commercial Development -- 8.6 Medium and High Temperature Fuel Cells -- 8.6.1 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell -- 8.6.1.1 Cell Components -- 8.6.1.2 Bipolar Plates -- 8.6.1.3 Performance -- 8.6.2 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell -- 8.6.2.1 Cell Components -- 8.6.2.2 Performance -- 8.6.2.3 Internal Reforming Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell -- 8.6.2.4 Degradation -- 8.6.2.5 Commercial Plants -- 8.6.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells -- 8.6.3.1 Cell Components -- 8.6.3.2 Cell and Stack Designs -- 8.6.3.3 Performance -- 8.6.4 Proton Conducting Ceramic Fuel Cells -- 8.7 Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells -- 8.7.1 Introduction -- 8.7.2 Anodic Oxidation of Methanol |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Electrochemistry.
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Green electronics.
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Electrochemistry
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Green electronics
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9781118698082 |
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1118698088 |
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