Improving Interactions Between Coastal Science and Policy -- Copyright -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Cumulative Impacts of Land and Water Activities -- Protecting Regionally Significant Terrestrial and Marine Habitats -- Using Indicators of Environmental Quality -- INTRODUCTION -- Rationale for Examining Science-Policy Interactions -- Purposes of the Gulf of Maine Symposium -- Conduct of the Symposium -- References -- STAGE-SETTING PAPERS -- COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES FOR SCIENCE -- Introduction -- Bridging the Gap
The Challenges of Ecosystem ManagementReinventing Government through Ecosystem Management -- Five Coastal Marine Ecosystems -- Restore and Maintain -- Ecosystem Health -- Sustainability -- Native Biological Diversity -- Ecological Units and Time Frames -- The Best Science -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Adaptive Management -- Literature Cited -- SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MANAGING ECOSYSTEMS -- Introduction -- The Cultural Ecology of Coastal and Marine Environmental Policy and Management -- What is Social Science?
The Uses of Social Science in Coastal and Marine Environmental Policy and ManagementPolicy Development -- Policy Implementation -- Existing Mechanisms for Social Scientific Input -- Impediments to the Use of Social Scientists and Social Scientific Data in the Coastal and Marine Environmental Policy Process -- Is Social ScienceScience? -- Support and Resources for Coastal Social Science -- Translating Social Science into Policy -- Conclusion -- ON THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL COASTAL OCEAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS -- Introduction
Science and Its Place in the Policy ProcessPolicy Initiation -- Policy Formulation -- Policy Implementation -- Policy Evaluation -- Policy Modification/Termination -- Program Implementation as an Experimental Process -- The Nature of the Implementation Process -- Implementation as an Experiment -- Need for a Technically Sound Evaluation Process -- The Use of Science in National Coastal/Ocean Programs -- The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972 -- The Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act -- Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments (OCSLAA)
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972National Estuary Program -- Conclusions and Suggestions -- Topics Deserving Additional Research Emphasis -- Suggestions Regarding the Integration of Science and Policy in Coastal Ecosystem Management -- References -- Managing the Cumulative Impacts of Land and Water Activities in the Gulf of Maine Region's Estuaries and Near-Coastal� -- INTRODUCTION -- MANAGING CUMULATIVE IMPACTS: A KEY TO SUSTAINABILITY? -- Introduction -- Assessment Frameworks -- Techniques for Assessing Cumulative Impacts
