| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Transport of Pollutants -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Advection-Diffusion Equation with Reaction -- 1.3 Steady-State Mixing in Estuaries -- 1.3.1 Determination of Diffusivity D from Salinity Measurements -- 1.3.2 Pollutant Prediction for an Estuary with Uniform Discharge -- 1.3.3 Salinity in an Infinite Estuary with a Large Freshwater Discharge -- 1.3.4 Conservative Pollutant Prediction for an Infinite Estuary with a Large Freshwater Discharge -- 1.4 Time-Dependent Mixing in Rivers and Soil Systems -- 1.5 Vertical Mixing -- 1.5.1 The Radon Method -- 1.5.2 The Tritium-helium-3 Method -- 1.5.3 Evaluation of Mixing Based on Density Gradients -- 1.6 Hydrodynamic Models -- 1.7 Groundwater Plumes -- 1.8 Sediment Mixing -- References -- Chapter 2 Sedimentation Processes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 210Pb Dating of Sediments -- 2.2.1 Measurement of 210Pb Activity -- 2.2.2 210Pb Activity Profiles -- 2.3 137Cs and 239+240Pu Dating of Sediments -- 2.4 Dated Records of Metals and Organic Pollutants -- 2.5 Deconvolution of Sedimentary Records -- 2.6 Chemical and Biological Degradation -- 2.7 Sediments as a Source of Pollutants -- 2.7.1 Phosphorus -- 2.7.2 Metals -- 2.7.3 Acid-volatile Sulfides -- 2.7.4 Organics -- References -- Chapter 3 Atmospheric Interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Atmospheric Deposition Processes -- 3.2.1 Gaseous vs. Particulate Chemicals in the Atmosphere -- 3.2.2 Dry Deposition with Aerosols -- 3.2.3 Wet Deposition -- 3.2.4 Gas Exchange -- 3.3 Deposition and Gas Exchange of Organic Contaminants -- 3.4 Marine and Freshwater Microlayers -- 3.5 Case Study: Emission of VOCs from Wastewater Treatment Plants -- 3.6 The Fugacity Model -- 3.6.1 Fugacity Definitions and Basic Equations -- 3.6.2 Levels of Complexity |
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3.6.3 Example Calculations -- Chlorobenzene -- References -- Chapter 4 Water Chemistry -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Carbonate and Alkalinity -- 4.2.1 Dissolved CO2 and Carbonate Speciation in Water -- 4.2.2 Solving Equilibrium pH -- 4.2.3 Alkalinity -- 4.2.4 Buffer Index -- 4.3 Sulfur Chemistry -- 4.3.1 Sulfur Redox Reactions in Water -- 4.3.2 Sulfur in Sediment -- 4.3.3 Acid Rain -- 4.4 Impact of Global Warming on Natural Waters -- References -- Chapter 5 Nutrients -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Input of Nutrients and Acidity -- 5.3 Eutrophication -- 5.3.1 Eutrophication Control -- 5.3.2 Harmful Algal Blooms -- 5.3.3 Cladophora -- 5.4 Nitrogen -- 5.4.1 The Nitrogen Cycle -- 5.4.2 Nitrification and Denitrification -- 5.4.3 N Removal -- 5.5 Phosphorus -- 5.5.1 The Phosphorus Cycle -- 5.5.2 P Removal -- 5.5.3 Case Study: Phosphorus from Wastewater Treatment, Stormwater, and Rivers in Milwaukee, Wisconsin -- 5.6 Vitamins and Trace Metals -- References -- Chapter 6 METALS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Trends, Measurement, and Toxicity -- 6.3 Major Sources and Reactions of Metals in Water -- 6.3.1 Atmospheric Deposition of Metals -- 6.3.2 Hydration, Hydrolysis, and Complex Formation -- 6.3.3 Dissolution of Metals from Minerals -- 6.4 Behavior of Selected Metals in Water -- 6.4.1 Mercury -- 6.4.2 Zinc and Cadmium -- 6.4.3 Arsenic -- 6.5 Zero-Valent Iron in Remediation of Contaminated Water -- 6.5.1 Dechlorination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons -- 6.5.2 Reduction of Uranium Carbonate, Chromate, and Arsenate -- References -- Chapter 7 Organic Pollutants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Important Organic Pollutant Groups -- 7.2.1 Petrochemicals and Industrial Solvents -- 7.2.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- 7.2.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) |
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7.2.4 Polyhalogenated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PXDD/Fs) -- 7.2.5 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and other Flame Retardants -- 7.2.6 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) -- 7.2.7 Other Pesticides -- 7.2.8 Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) -- 7.2.9 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and other Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) -- 7.3 Descriptors of Organic Molecules -- 7.4 Basic Physicochemical Properties -- 7.4.1 Vapor Pressure -- 7.4.2 Aqueous Solubility -- 7.4.3 Henry's Law Constant -- 7.4.4 Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient -- 7.4.5 Air-Octanol Partition Coefficient -- 7.5 Distribution of Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Environment -- 7.5.1 Air-Water -- 7.5.2 Water-Sediment -- 7.5.3 Water-Biota and Sediment-Biota -- 7.6 Transformations in Water -- 7.6.1 Hydrolysis -- 7.6.2 Photochemical Degradation -- 7.6.3 Biological Degradation -- 7.6.4 Case Study: Transformation of PBDEs in the Environment -- References -- Chapter 8 Pathogens -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Bacteria -- 8.3 Protozoa -- 8.3.1 Cryptosporidium -- 8.4 Molecular Techniques for Detection of Pathogens -- 8.4.1 Water -- 8.4.2 Biosolids -- 8.5 Pathogen Indicator Organisms and Surrogates -- 8.5.1 Bacillus Subtilis -- 8.5.2 E. Coli and Fecal Coliforms -- 8.6 Bacterial Contamination of Recreational Waters -- 8.6.1 Modeling -- 8.6.2 Beaches -- 8.6.3 Recreational Pools -- 8.7 Pathogen Removal in Water and Wastewater Treatment -- 8.7.1 Water -- 8.7.2 Wastewater and Solid Waste -- 8.7.3 Inactivation Kinetics -- References -- Chapter 9 Tracers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Natural vs. Artificial Tracers -- 9.3 Radioisotopes -- 9.4 Stable Isotopes -- 9.5 Applications of Tracer Technology -- 9.5.1 Stable Isotope Tracers -- 9.5.2 N and O Stable Isotopic Compositions of Nitrate Sources -- 9.5.3 Other Physical and Chemical Tracers |
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9.5.4 Molecular-Based Biological Tracers -- 9.6 Chemical Mass Balance Modeling -- 9.6.1 CMB Model for PAHs in Kinnickinnic River, Wisconsin -- 9.7 Factor Analysis -- 9.7.1 Non-negative Constraints Matrix Factorization -- 9.7.2 Positive Matrix Factorization -- 9.7.3 Unmix -- References -- Chapter 10 Ecotoxicology -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Bioassays -- 10.2.1 Fish -- 10.2.2 Algae -- 10.2.3 Daphnia -- 10.3 Molecular Biology Tools -- 10.3.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -- 10.3.2 Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) -- 10.3.3 Gene Expression -- 10.3.4 Biomarkers -- 10.4 Human Health -- 10.4.1 Fisheries Advisories -- 10.4.2 Mercury -- 10.4.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) -- 10.5 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals -- 10.6 Types of Toxicity -- 10.6.1 Disinfection Byproducts -- 10.6.2 Detoxification and Degradation -- 10.6.3 Antibiotics -- 10.6.4 Nanomaterials -- 10.7 Models and Toxicity Tests -- 10.7.1 Dose-Response Models for Single Toxicants -- 10.7.2 Dose-Response Models for Multiple Toxicants -- 10.7.3 Pulsed Toxicity Tests -- 10.7.4 Chronic Toxicity Tests -- 10.8 Quality Criteria -- 10.8.1 Sediment Quality Criteria -- 10.8.2 Water Quality Criteria -- 10.8.3 Total Maximum Daily Loads -- References -- Chapter 11 Ambient Water Quality Criteria -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 A Primer on Ambient Water Quality Regulations -- 11.3 Current US Water Quality Criteria -- 11.3.1 Aquatic Life Criteria -- 11.3.2 Human Health Criteria -- 11.3.3 Organoleptic Effects -- 11.4 Water Quality Databases -- Appendix 11.A Footnote for Table 11.1 -- Appendix 11.B Footnote for Table 11.2 -- Appendix 11.C Additional Notes -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- EULA |
| Summary |
"This book has a unique outline in that it follows pollution from sources to impact. Included in the text is the treatment of various tracers, ranging from pathogens to stable isotopes of elements and providing a comprehensive discussion which is lacking in many other books on pollution control of natural waters"-- Provided by publisher |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Text in English |
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Print version record and CIP data provided by publisher |
| Subject |
Water -- Pollution.
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Water chemistry.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Environmental -- General.
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Water chemistry.
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Water -- Pollution.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Li, An, 1952-
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| LC no. |
2014016122 |
| ISBN |
9781118911617 |
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111891161X |
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1118911687 |
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9781118911686 |
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1118111761 |
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9781118111765 |
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