| Description |
1 online resource (286 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword by Markus Holmberg; Foreword by Vikram Nanwani; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Acronyms; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Why a Book on Airborne Occupational Hazards in Sewers?; 1.2 Scope of the Work; 1.2.1 Confined Spaces; 1.2.2 Most Common Airborne Hazards; 1.3 Some Useful Background Information; 1.3.1 Explanation of LEL/UEL, LFL/UFL, and LOC; 1.3.2 Who's Who and What's What for Occupational Exposure; References; 2. Confined Spaces; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Permit-Required Confined Space; 2.1.2 Examples; 2.1.3 Misleading Name |
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2.2 What Are the Dangers of Confined Spaces?2.2.1 Atmospheric; 2.2.1.1 Low Oxygen; 2.2.1.2 Flammable/Explosive or Toxic Gases; 2.2.2 Biological; 2.2.3 Physical; 2.3 Changing Conditions; 2.3.1 The Confined Space Changes Its Nature; 2.3.2 Changes in the Work to Be Done in the Confined Space; 2.4 Reducing the Risk; 2.4.1 Confined Space Programs; 2.4.2 Training; 2.4.2.1 Chain-Reaction Deaths Can Be Avoided; 2.4.3 Testing the Atmosphere; References; 3. Hydrogen Suldfie, Part 1: The Macro View; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Slaughterhouse Sledgehammer; 3.1.2 Secondary Victims |
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3.2 Why H[sub(2)]S Is So Lethal3.2.1 Exposure-Response Curve; 3.2.2 H[sub(2)]S in Enclosed Spaces; 3.2.3 Soda-Can Effect; 3.2.4 No Warning Odor; 3.3 Exposure Effects and Permissible Limits; 3.3.1 Interpreting the Dose-Response Data; 3.3.1.1 Olfactory Fatigue versus Olfactory Paralysis; 3.3.2 Exposure Limits; 3.3.2.1 Community versus Workplace Standards; 3.4 Chemical and Physical Properties of H[sub(2)]S; 3.4.1 Explosivity/Flammability; 3.4.2 Other Names for H[sub(2)]S; 3.4.3 Conversion Factors; 3.5 Generation of H[sub(2)]S; 3.5.1 Anaerobic Bacteria; 3.5.2 Endogenous H[sub(2)]S |
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3.6 Scope of the Problem3.6.1 Affected Groups; 3.6.2 How Many People?; 3.6.3 Company Size, Length of Employment Are No Guarantees; 3.7 The Myth of Harmless Knockdown; 3.7.1 Fatalities Occurring on the Scene; 3.7.2 "Knockdown"; References; 4. Hydrogen Sulfide, Part 2: Toxicology; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Broad-Spectrum Toxin; 4.1.1.1 Historical Focus on Lethal Doses; 4.1.2 Difficulties in Establishing Dose-Response Relationships; 4.1.2.1 Linear or Threshold-Type Dose-Response Function?; 4.1.2.2 Examples of Complications in H[sub(2)]S Accidents; 4.1.3 Exposure Effects in Various Species |
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4.2 Mechanisms4.2.1 Irritant; 4.2.1.1 Linear, Not Threshold-Type, Response; 4.2.1.2 Less Power, but Deeper Penetration into Lungs; 4.2.1.3 First Symptom: "Gas Eyes"; 4.2.2 Hypoxia; 4.2.3 Cytotoxicity; 4.2.3.1 Cell Energy Generation; 4.2.3.2 Cytochrome c Oxidase; 4.2.3.3 H[sub(2)]S and Cytochrome c Oxidase; 4 2.3.4 Slow Dissociation of the Cytochrome c Oxidase-H[sub(2)]S Complex; 4.2.3.5 Is Cytochrome Oxidase Disruption Responsible for "Knockdown"?; 4.2.3.6 Cyanide and H[sub(2)]S; 4.2.4 Summary of Damage Mechanisms; 4.3 Pulmonary Effects; 4.3.1 Pulmonary Edema; 4.3.1.1 Lung Structure |
| Summary |
Sewer systems fall into the category "out of sight, out of mind"--They seldom excite interest. But when things go wrong with the air in the sewer system, they go very wrong. Consequences can be dramatic and devastating: sewer workers killed instantly by poisonous gas when they lift a sewer lid, or entire suburban blocks levelled by explosions. This book describes the atmospheric dangers commonly found in the sewer system. It provides easily-understood explanations of the science behind the hazards, combined with real-life examples of when things went dramatically wrong |
| Notes |
4.3.1.2 Fluid Buildup |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
Sewerage -- Safety measures
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Sewerage -- Safety measures
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Brinck, Kristina
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| ISBN |
9781315350837 |
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1315350831 |
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