Table of contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose -- 1.2 Overall description of the system with its components -- 2. Development -- 2.1 The simulated events -- 2.2 Emergence and initiation of crop development and growth -- 2.3 Above-ground development -- 3. Shoot growth -- 3.1 Leaf dynamics -- 3.2 Radiation interception -- 3.3 Shoot biomass growth -- 3.4 Stress indices -- 3.5 Partitioning of biomass in organs -- 4. Yield formation -- 4.1 For determinate growing plants -- 4.2 For indeterminate growing plants -- 4.3 Quality
5. Root growth5.1 Root front growth -- 5.2 Growth in root density -- 6. Management and crop environment -- 6.1 Effects on plants -- 6.2 Soil water supply -- 6.3 Net nitrogen supply -- 6.4 Physical soil surface conditions -- 6.5 Soil structure modification -- 6.6 Microclimate -- 7. Water Balance -- 7.1 Soil evaporation -- 7.2 Crop water requirements -- 7.3 Plant transpiration and derived stresses -- 8. Nitrogen transformations -- 8.1 Mineralization of soil organic matter -- 8.2 Mineralization of organic residues -- 8.3 Nitrification
8.4 Ammonia volatilization8.5 Denitrification -- 8.6 Nitrogen uptake by plants and plant nitrogen status -- 8.7 Nitrogen fixation by legumes -- 9. Transfers of heat, water and nitrate -- 9.1 Soil temperature -- 9.2 Transfers of water and nitrate in free drained soil -- 9.3 Case of artificially drained soil -- 9.4 Integrated calculations of soil status -- 10. Cropping systems -- 10.1 The notion of a Unit of SiMulation (USM) -- 10.2 Long term simulations -- 10.3 Intercropping -- 11. Involvement of the user in the model operation -- 11.1 Driving options
11.2 Simulation options11.3 Formalisation options -- 11.4 Parameterization -- References -- Figure list -- Table list -- Definition of symbols -- Index of parameters and variables
