| Description |
1 online resource (viii, 134 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Series |
Integrated systems physiology, from molecule to function to disease ; Book #21 |
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Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; #21.
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| Contents |
1. Introduction |
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2. The composition of blood -- 2.1 The plasma -- 2.2 The blood cells -- 2.2.1 Erythrocytes -- 2.2.1.1 RBC deformation -- 2.2.1.2 RBC aggregation -- 2.2.1.3 Proposed RBC aggregation mechanisms -- 2.2.1.4 Effects due to RBC aggregation -- 2.2.2 Leukocytes -- 2.2.3 Platelets |
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3. Viscometers -- 3.1 Tube viscometers -- 3.2 Concentric cylinder viscometer -- 3.3 Cone-and-plate viscometers |
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4. Constitutive equations |
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5. At last, experimental data! -- 5.1 Plasma -- 5.2 RBC contents -- 5.3 Syneresis effect, the source of another artifact -- 5.4 Sedimentation artifacts -- 5.5 Normal blood rheology -- 5.5.1 The effect of temperature on blood's rheological properties -- 5.5.2 Blood's yield stress and the casson equation -- 5.5.3 Other constitutive equations -- 5.5.4 Viscoelasticity of blood |
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6. Some in vitro blood flows -- 6.1 Presentation of data -- 6.1.1 Large diameter tubes -- 6.2 Blood flow in relatively small diameter tubes -- 6.3 Some mathematical models of blood flow in vessels -- 6.3.1 Models of blood flow in capillaries -- 6.3.2 Blood flow in vessels with diameters of 20 um or more |
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7. The Fahraeus effect -- 7.1 Interpretation -- 7.2 White blood cells and platelets |
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8. The Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect -- 8.1 Blood flow through vascular bifurcations -- 8.2 Disproportionate RBC distribution at bifurcations -- 8.3 Separation surfaces -- 8.4 Recovery length |
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9. In vitro arterial-type bifurcation experimental data -- 9.1 Single bifurcations -- 9.2 Successive bifurcations |
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10. In vivo experimental bifurcation data -- 10.1 Data |
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11. Flow in microvascular networks -- 11.1 The Whittaker-Winton experiment -- 11.2 Mathematical models of blood flow through networks -- 11.3 Fluctuations of flow in networks |
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12. Optimization -- 12.1 Transport region -- 12.1.1 Single vessels -- 12.1.2 Flow through arterial type bifurcations -- 12.2 Mass transfer region -- 12.2.1 Erlang-Krogh model of oxygen transport -- 12.2.2 Optimum hematocrit |
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13. Concluding statement -- References |
| Summary |
From the perspective of blood flow, blood has some unusual properties: it is a suspension of blood cells of which the red blood cells are most numerous and are both deformable (at moderate and high flow rates) and will aggregate under conditions of slow flow. Also, the cellular volume concentration is high (about 40-45%). These features cause blood to have variable viscosity, dependent on flow conditions, and cause both red blood cell sedimentation and syneresis effects under slow flow conditions (which can lead to rheological artifacts). These effects also cause unusual flow phenomena when blood flows in systems of small diameter vessels (especially for diameters of about 500 [micro]m or less). These phenomena are seen in non-uniform cell distributions in vessel cross sections, a cell-poor layer of mostly blood plasma at vessels walls, non-proportionate cellular distribution during blood flow through vascular bifurcations, which leads to a very wide distribution of vessel cellular concentrations (from zero to systemic values) in the smaller vessels of the microcirculation, etc. All these phenomena are discussed in this book, as well as the difficulties presented by in vivo microvessels having non-ideal geometries |
| Analysis |
arterial bifurcation flow |
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blood cell distribution in long vessels |
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blood rheology |
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blood viscosity |
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constitutive equations |
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disproportionate flow distribution |
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Fahraeus and Fahraeus-Lindqvist effects |
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flow in networks |
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models |
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optimization |
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red cell aggregation and deformation |
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viscoelasticity |
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yield stress |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-134) |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Blood -- Rheology.
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Hemodynamics.
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Hemorheology
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Hemodynamics
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MEDICAL -- Physiology.
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SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Human Anatomy & Physiology.
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Blood -- Rheology
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Hemodynamics
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9781615041633 |
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161504163X |
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