| Description |
1 online resource (v, 28 pages) : color map |
| Series |
Carnegie papers |
|
Working papers (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)
|
| Contents |
Summary -- Introduction -- Roots of tension -- Return to conflict -- Two countries, one revenue source -- The North's "new south" : border conflicts between Sudan and South Sudan -- South Sudan : building a state from scratch -- Instability and dissatisfaction in the North -- Conclusion |
| Summary |
Less than a year after the old "greater" Sudan split into the northern Republic of Sudan and the new Republic of South Sudan -- or North and South Sudan, for clarity -- the two countries were again in a state of war. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 and later efforts to ensure a smooth separation of North and South appear to have come to naught. In January 2011, a referendum in the South, stipulated by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, resulted in an overwhelming vote in favor of partition. Over the next six months, North and South were supposed to negotiate outstanding issues but failed to do so. As a result, conflict broke out again almost immediately after the South became independent. At first, the conflict involved clashes along the border region between the northern Sudanese Armed Forces and liberation movements in regions that preferred incorporation into the South. By April 2012 though, the fighting had escalated into war between North and South, with the South's army crossing into the North and the North's military bombing villages across the border. Oil exports from the South had been halted and other conflicts had broken out in both countries. Oil has long been one of the central drivers of conflict between the two Sudans. After independence, that conflict was heightened since about 75 percent of Sudan's oil is produced below the border that now separates the two countries, leaving the North with greatly reduced revenues. Another set of conflicts, which has quickly led to violence, involves attempts to control territories along the border between the North and South, in particular, in South Kordofan, the Blue Nile, and Abyei. Meanwhile, both North and South struggle with internal political and tribal conflicts as they try to build states on truncated territory and woefully inadequate institutional foundations. The failure of efforts thus far to bring peace to greater Sudan, especially the Comprehensive Peace Agreement project, does not bode well for the chances of avoiding new decades of conflict and the countries' continued impoverishment. All signs suggest that the transition from greater Sudan to the Republics of Sudan and South Sudan is not the end of a conflict but rather the beginning of multiple new ones |
| Notes |
Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 21, 2012) |
|
"May 2012." |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (page 25) |
| Subject |
Political stability -- Sudan
|
|
Political stability -- South Sudan
|
|
Diplomatic relations.
|
|
Politics and government
|
|
Political stability.
|
| SUBJECT |
Sudan -- Politics and government -- 21st century
|
|
South Sudan -- Politics and government -- 2011- http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2011004450
|
|
Sudan -- Foreign relations -- South Sudan
|
|
South Sudan -- Foreign relations -- Sudan
|
| Subject |
South Sudan.
|
|
Sudan.
|
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| Author |
El-Sadany, Mai
|
|
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
|
|
