Title Toward more efficient and effective public social spending in Central America / Pablo A. Acosta, Rita Almeida, Thomas Gindling, and Christine Lao Peña

Published Washington, D.C. : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; The World Bank, 2017 ©2017

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Description 1 online resource (xxi, 123 pages) : color illustrations Series World Bank e-Library Directions in Development; Directions in Development - Human Development World Bank e-Library Contents Front Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Overview; Main Findings; Main Recommendations; Note; Chapter 1 Introduction; Notes; Chapter 2 Context: Progress and Opportunities for Human Development in Central America; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Recent Trends in Social Spending across the Region and Sectors, 2007-14; Notes; References; Chapter 4 Coverage and Targeting; Education Coverage and Targeting; Health Care Coverage and Targeting; Social Protection and Labor Coverage and Targeting; Notes; References Chapter 5 Effectiveness and Efficiency of Public Social Services; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Education Services; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Health Services; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Social Protection and Labor Spending; Cost-Effectiveness of Public Spending: Relating Spending to Outcome; Notes; References; Chapter 6 Selected Institutional and Governance Arrangements in the Social Sectors; Education; Health; Social Protection and Labor; Note; References; Chapter 7 Policy Recommendations; Education; Health; Social Protection and Labor; Cross-Sectoral and Cross-Regional Messages NotesReferences; Appendix A Survey Sources, by Country; Boxes; Box 4.1 Expanding Health Coverage in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Panama through Mobile Teams; Box 5.1 Politics Matter-Strong Teachers' Unions Often Fight Changes; Box 5.2 Challenges Posed by NCDs to the Costa Rican Health System; Box 5.3 Impact of Avancemos CCT in Costa Rica; Box 5.4 The Experience of the Red de Protección Social CCT in Nicaragua; Box 5.5 The Experience of the PATI in El Salvador; Box 5.6 Public Sector Performance (PSP) and Public Sector Efficiency (PSE) Indicators; Figures Figure 1.1 Government Revenue Compared with GDP per Capita, 2014Figure 1.2 Changes in Revenue and Fiscal Balance (Deficit or Surplus), 2007-14; Figure 2.1 GDP per Capita, 2000-14; Figure 2.2 Poverty Rates, 2005-14; Figure 2.3 Inequality (Gini Coefficient), 2004-14; Figure 2.4 Distribution of Youth, 15-18 Years Old, by Activity (2014 or Most Recent Year); Figure 2.5 Distribution of Youth, by Activity and Income Quintile (2012 or Most Recent Year); Figure 3.1 Social Expenditure as a Share of GDP, 2007-14; Figure 3.2 Per Capita Social Public Expenditure, by Sector, 2012 or Latest Year Available Figure 3.3 Budget Execution, by Sector, 2007-14; Figure 3.4 Social Spending as a Share of Total Public Spending in the Subregion, 2007-14; Figure 3.5 Primary Public Expenditure per Pupil as a Share of GDP per Capita Compared with GDP per Capita; Figure 3.6 Secondary Public Expenditure per Pupil as a Share of GDP per Capita Compared with GDP per Capita; Figure 3.7 Public Spending, by Educational Level, as a Share of Education Public Spending in the Subregion, 2014; Figure 3.8 Preprimary and Primary Public Education Spending in the Subregion, 2007-14 Summary Central America has come a long way both in terms of economic and political stability. Increasingly the region is focusing on implementing productivity-enhancing reforms as well as supporting reductions in poverty and inequality. This report analyzes recent trends in public social spending in Central America from 2007 to 2014, conducts international benchmarking, examines measures of the effectiveness and efficiency of social spending, and discusses the quality of selected institutions influencing this spending. We examine total social spending, as well as detailing its four components: public spending on the education, health, and social protection and labor (SPL) sectors. In analyzing public social spending, the report addresses three crucial policy issues: (a) how to improve the coverage and redistributional incidence of public social spending; (b) how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public social spending; and (c) how to strengthen the institutions governing public spending in the social sector. While based heavily on a series of recent analytical social spending studies in six countries in the subregion-Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama-this report also takes a broader regional perspective and includes some comparisons to countries in other regions Bibliography Includes bibliographical references Notes Resource, viewed July 11, 2017 Subject Economic assistance, Domestic -- Central America Public welfare -- Central America SOCIAL SCIENCE -- Anthropology -- General. SOCIAL SCIENCE -- Regional Studies. SOCIAL SCIENCE -- Sociology -- General. Economic assistance, Domestic Public welfare Social policy SUBJECT Central America -- Social policy Subject Central America Form Electronic book Author Almeida, Rita, author Gindling, T. H., author Peña, Christine Lao LC no. 2017301517 ISBN 9781464810619 1464810613

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