| Description |
1 online resource (xv, 124 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Series |
Synthesis lectures on biomedical engineering, 1930-0336 ; #59 |
|
Synthesis lectures on biomedical engineering ; #59.
|
| Contents |
1. Introduction -- 1.1. Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 1.2. Basic concepts -- 1.3. Radiofrequency nutation -- 1.4. T1 relaxation -- 1.5. T2 relaxation -- 1.6. T2* relaxation -- 1.7. Bloch equation -- 1.8. Signal detection -- 1.9. Conclusion |
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2. Spatial encoding -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Cartesian encoding -- 2.3. Non-Cartesian encoding -- 2.4. Non-Cartesian 3D encoding -- 2.5. Phase offsets -- 2.6. Conclusion |
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3. Contrast encoding -- 3.1. Pulse sequences -- 3.2. Bloch equation simulations -- 3.3. Conventional methods for relaxometry -- 3.4. Multi-parametric quantitative MRI (mqMRI) -- 3.5. Interleaved contrasts -- 3.6. Multi-parametric SSFP -- 3.7. Multi-parametric FSE : syMRI/MAGIC -- 3.8. Conclusion |
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4. Spatial decoding -- 4.1. The discrete Fourier transform -- 4.2. Non-Cartesian k-space reconstruction -- 4.3. Spatial decoding in the transient state -- 4.4. Full cartesian sampling -- 4.5. Full non-cartesian sampling -- 4.6. Anti-aliasing -- 4.7. Trajectory errors -- 4.8. Conclusion |
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5. Contrast decoding -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Least squares estimations -- 5.3. Maximum inner product search (MIPS) -- 5.4. MRF "matching" with MIPS -- 5.5. Undersampling and MIPS -- 5.6. Multi-component estimation -- 5.7. Nonlinear MR tomography -- 5.8. Machine learning -- 5.9. Conclusion |
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6. Conclusion -- 6.1. Quantitative imaging -- 6.2. Image visualization -- 6.3. Repeatable and reproducible quantifications -- 6.4. The future of quantitative imaging |
| Summary |
Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or MAGIC), and T1-T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical description of the underlying models, their application, and evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment efficacy |
| Analysis |
spatial encoding |
|
contrast encoding |
|
spatial decoding |
|
contrast decoding |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Notes |
Title from PDF title page (viewed on February 28, 2020) |
| Subject |
Magnetic resonance imaging.
|
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Quantitative magnetic resonance.
|
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Quantitative magnetic resonance
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| Form |
Electronic book
|
| Author |
Kaggie, Joshua D., author
|
|
Graves, Martin J., author
|
| ISBN |
1681736950 |
|
9781681736952 |
|
9783031016677 |
|
303101667X |
|
