1. Introduction. II. European security after the cold war. III. Nationalism and ethnicity: conceptual perspectives -- 2. Nationalism and ethnic conflict in Central Europe. II. The Hungarian minorities. III. The Czech Republic and Slovakia -- 3. Nationalism and ethnic conflict in the Balkan states. II. Yugoslavia. III. Macedonia. IV. Serbia -- 4. Nationalism and ethnic conflict in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. II. Russia and Ukraine. III. Central Asia and the Caucasus. IV. Moldova -- 5. The response: the principal powers and the European security institutions. II. 'Square pegs into round holes': the security institutions. III. Peace-keeping and peace-making -- 6. Conclusion