Title Biomedical composites : materials, manufacturing, and engineering / edited by J. Paulo Davim

Published Berlin ; Boston : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co., KG, [2014] ©2014

Table of Contents
	Preface					v
	List of Contributing Authors					xi
1.	Ceramic polymer composites for hard tissue applications / Chandra P. Sharma					1
1.1.	Introduction					1
1.2.	Polyethylene based composites					3
1.3.	Polymethymethacrylate based composites					6
1.4.	Polyester based composites					7
1.5.	Chitosan based composites					10
1.6.	Future Scope					11
1.7.	Conclusion					12
	References					12
2.	HAp-metal based biocomposite coatings and characteristics of plasma-deposited HAp-Ti/Ti6Al4V coatings / Ramesh K. Guduru					17
2.1.	Introduction					17
2.2.	HAp-Ti/Ti6Al4V based composites					18
2.2.1.	Hydroxyapatite (HAp)					18
2.2.2.	Titanium and its alloys					19
2.3.	Plasma Spray of HAp-Ti/Ti6Al4V based composites					20
2.4.	Property requirement of biocomposites					21
2.4.1.	Mechanical properties					22
2.4.2.	Biocompatibility					22
2.4.3.	Bioactivity					23
2.5.	Property evaluation					23
2.5.1.	Bond strength					23
2.5.2.	Corrosion behavior evaluation					24
2.5.3.	Immersion test in simulated body fluid					24
2.6.	Plasma sprayed HAp-(Ti/Ti6Al4V) based composite coatings					25
2.6.1.	Bond strength of plasma-sprayed HAp-(Ti/Ti6Al4V) based composite coatings					25
2.6.2.	Electrochemical corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed HAp-(Ti/Ti6Al4V) based composite coatings					27
2.6.3.	Immersion behavior of plasma sprayed HAp-(Ti/Ti6Al4V) based composite coatings					27
2.7.	Conclusions					29
	References					29
3.	Hydrogels based on poly(vinylalcohol) for cartilage replacement / Jimena S. Gonzalez					33
3.1.	Hydrogels: General Ideas					33
3.2.	Main properties of hydrogels					34
3.3.	Hydrogels as biomaterials					37
3.4.	Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels: General characteristics					38
3.5.	PVA hydrogels for biomedical applications					40
3.6.	Cartilage: A brief description					41
3.7.	Articular cartilage: Architecture and composition					41
3.8.	Articular cartilage: Mechanical properties					43
3.9.	Frequent medical issues relating to cartilage: Degeneration and osteoarthritis					44
3.10.	Materials used as articular replacement					44
	Conclusions					46
	Acknowledgments					46
	References					46
4.	Polymer composites for cemented total hip replacements / S. Kanagaraj					53
4.1.	Introduction					53
4.1.1.	Understanding hip joint prosthesis and fixation techniques					53
4.1.2.	Economic and clinical factors surrounding revision surgeries					56
4.2.	UHMWPE composites					57
4.3.	PMMA composites					60
	Summary					63
	Future scope					63
	References					64
5.	Bioresorbable composites for bone repair / Jose M.F. Ferreira					69
5.1.	Introduction					69
5.2.	Bioresorbable materials					73
5.2.1.	Polymers					73
5.2.1.1.	Polyglycolic acid -- PGA					73
5.2.1.2.	Polylactic acid -- PLA					74
5.2.1.3.	PGA-PLA copolymers					76
5.2.1.4.	Poly ε-caprolactone -- PCL					76
5.2.2.	Bioactive ceramics					77
5.3.	Composites manufacturing methods					78
5.4.	Clinical applications of bioresorbable composites for bone repair					79
5.5.	Conclusions					80
	References					81
6.	Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics / H. Doweidar					89
6.1.	Biodental metals, ceramics and bioactive glass-ceramics; historical background					89
6.2.	Metallic implant materials					89
6.2.1.	Gold alloys					90
6.2.2.	Dental amalgam					90
6.3.	Glass-ceramics and bioactive glass-ceramics					90
6.3.1.	Commercial glass-ceramic products					91
6.3.2.	Protective glass-ceramic					91
6.3.3.	Bioceramics					92
6.4.	Preparation techniques					92
6.5.	Structure of glass-ceramics					94
6.6.	Crystallinity enhancement					96
6.6.1.	By adding activator agents					96
6.6.2.	By sintering process					98
6.7.	Dental glass-ceramics					98
6.8.	Bioactive glass-ceramics					99
6.9.	In vitro and in vivo test for bioactivity					101
	References					104
7.	Metal oxide-based one-dimensional titania nanostructures via electrospinning: Characterization and antimicrobial applications / Myung-Seob Khil					107
7.1.	Introduction					107
7.2.	General routes/procedures for the synthesis of nanofibers					109
7.3.	Electrospinning process					109
7.4.	General applications of electrospun nanofibers					111
7.5.	Antimicrobial applications of metal oxide-based nanotextured materials/nanofibers					112
7.6.	Concept of doping and composite nanofibers					113
7.7.	Development of pristine TiO2 nanofibers via electrospinning technique					114
7.8.	Doping of titania with metal oxide					117
7.8.1.	Doping of titania with zinc					117
7.8.2.	Doping of titania with copper					121
7.8.3.	Doping of titania with nickel					124
7.8.4.	Doping of titania with cobalt					126
7.8.5.	Doping of titania with cerium					128
7.9.	Plausible antibacterial mechanism of TiO2 / doped-TiO2 nanostructures					131
7.10.	Concluding remarks					133
	Acknowledgment					134
	References					134
8.	Hydrogels for biomedical applications / Assunta Borzacchiello					141
8.1.	Hydrogels: Classification and basic structure					141
8.1.1.	In situ forming hydrogels					143
	Physical crosslinking methods					143
	Covalent crosslinking strategies for forming hydrogels in situ					146
8.2.	Structure-properties relationship					147
8.2.1.	Hydrogel mechanical properties					147
	Hydrogels' time dependent properties					147
	Stress strain behavior					149
8.2.2.	Hydrogel swelling					150
8.3.	Biomedical applications					152
8.3.1.	Tissue engineering					152
8.3.2.	Drug delivery					155
8.3.2.1.	Design criteria for hydrogels in drug delivery					156
	Incorporation of drugs					157
8.3.2.2.	Drugs release from hydrogels formulations					158
	Dynamic hydrogels					159
	Composite hydrogels					160
	Micro-nanoscale hydrogels					160
	In situ forming hydrogel					161
	References					162
	Index					169

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Description 1 online resource (xiii, 170 pages) : illustrations (some color) Series Advanced composites, 2192-8983 ; 2 Advanced composites ; 2. 2192-8983 Contents Ceramic polymer composites for hard tissue applications -- HAp-metal based biocomposite coatings and characteristics of plasma-deposited HAp-Ti/Ti6Al4V coatings -- Hydrogels based on poly(vinylalcohol) for cartilage replacement -- Polymer composites for cemented total hip replacements -- Bioresorbable composites for bone repair -- Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics -- Metal oxide-based one-dimensional titania nanostructures via electrospinning: Characterization and antimicrobial applications -- Hydrogels for biomedical applications Summary "Composite materials are engineered materials, made from two or more constituents with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate on a macroscopic level within the finished structure. Due to their special mechanical and physical properties they have the potential to replace conventional materials in various fields such as the biomedical industry"--Publisher's description Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Online resource; title from resource home page (ebrary, viewed October 14, 2015) Subject Composite materials. Biomedical materials. Biocompatible Materials composite material. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Engineering (General) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Reference. Biomedical materials Composite materials Technology. Form Electronic book Author Davim, J. Paulo, editor. LC no. 2013043132 ISBN 9783110267488 3110267489 9781523100477 1523100478

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