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Title Mineralogical analysis applied to forensics : a guidance on mineralogical techniques and their application to the forensic field / Mariano Mercurio, Alessio Langella, Rosa Maria Di Maggio, Piergiulio Cappelletti, editors
Published Cham : Springer, [2023]
©2023

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Description 1 online resource (xi, 311 pages)
Series Soil forensics
Soil forensics.
Contents Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Optical Microscopy Applied to Forensics -- 1.1 Stereoscopic Microscope: Instrumentation and Analysis Procedures -- 1.1.1 Magnification -- 1.1.2 Lighting System -- 1.1.3 Diagnostic Characteristics for the Study of Various Materials -- 1.2 Polarized Light Microscope: Instrumentation and Analysis Procedures -- 1.2.1 Sample Preparation -- 1.2.2 Different Light Arrangements and Optical Diagnostic Characteristics of Anisotropic Materials -- 1.2.3 Semi-quantitative Analysis -- 1.3 Applications of Optical Microscopy to Forensic Sciences
1.3.1 Minerals and Rocks -- 1.3.2 Pedological Materials -- 1.3.2.1 Diagnostic Physical Characteristics for the Study of Soil Particles -- 1.3.2.2 Organic and Anthropogenic Fragments in Forensic Soil -- 1.3.3 Precious Stones and Gems -- 1.3.4 Precious Metals -- 1.3.5 Building Materials -- References -- Chapter 2: X-ray Diffractometry in Forensic Science -- 2.1 X-Rays: Characteristics, Production, Analytical Procedures -- 2.2 X-Ray Diffraction -- 2.3 Collecting and Analyzing Data -- 2.4 Phase Identification -- 2.5 Sample Preparation: Good and Bad Practices
2.6 Preferred Orientation in Clay Minerals -- 2.7 Quantitative Analysis -- 2.7.1 Full-Pattern Fitting/Rietveld Method -- 2.8 Environmental Crimes: Evaluation of the Presence of Asbestos Minerals in Massive Samples -- 2.9 Cultural Heritage Crimes: Identification of the Geological Provenance of Geoarchaeological Materials -- 2.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in Forensic Geoscience -- 3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 3.2 The Signals of an SEM -- 3.3 The Structure of an SEM -- 3.4 Electron Microanalysis -- 3.5 Specimen Preparation
3.6 Automated Mineralogy -- 3.7 Applications of SEM in Forensic Geoscience -- 3.7.1 Applications of Manual Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis -- 3.7.2 Applications of Automated Mineralogy -- References -- Chapter 4: Infrared Spectroscopy and Application to Forensics -- 4.1 Theoretical Background -- 4.1.1 The Infrared (IR) Radiation -- 4.1.2 The Absorption of IR Radiation -- 4.1.3 The Harmonic Oscillator Model -- 4.1.4 Transition Moment and General Selection Rule in IR Spectroscopy -- 4.1.5 The Normal Vibration Modes of Molecules
4.1.6 Transmittance, Absorbance and Beer-Lambert's Law -- 4.1.7 The IR Spectrum: Position, Intensity and Shape of Absorption Bands -- 4.1.8 Features of the IR Spectrum and Their Interpretation -- 4.2 Instruments and Methodologies -- 4.2.1 Analysis in Reflectance -- 4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis -- 4.2.3 FTIR Microscopy and Imaging -- 4.3 Sample Preparation -- 4.3.1 Powders -- 4.3.2 Single Crystals, Doubly Polished Slabs -- 4.4 Applications in Forensics -- 4.4.1 Fingerprinting -- 4.4.2 Qualitative Analysis of Discrete Features in the Spectral Signal -- 4.4.3 Quantitative Analysis
Summary This book illustrates the main modern mineralogical analytical procedures that can be applied for forensic purposes on various typologies of materials and substances and has both theoretical and practical approach. Moreover, it focuses on all those challenges that can arise with forensic analysis, such as the choice of the most proper mineralogical techniques as a function of the material and its quantity, destructive and non-destructive analyses, sampling procedures, mineralogical analysis of micro-traces, correct preparation of the samples, correct calibration and analytical conditions of the laboratory instrumentation. Numerous case studies on criminal offenses against persons, environment and Cultural Heritage are illustrated.
Notes Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed December 16, 2022)
Subject Mineralogical chemistry -- Industrial applications
Chemistry, Forensic.
Forensic geology.
Chemistry, Forensic
Forensic geology
Form Electronic book
Author Mercurio, Mariano, editor
Langella, Alessio, editor.
Di Maggio, Rosa Maria, editor.
Cappelletti, Piergiulio, editor
ISBN 9783031088346
3031088344