Figures; Tables; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations, glosses, and symbols; Abbreviations; Glosses; Symbols; 1 Introduction: Singapore and its Englishes; 1.1 Historical and present-day background; 1.1.1 Historical background; 1.1.2 Linguistic diversity; 1.1.3 The place of English; 1.2 The Englishes of Singapore and their models; 1.2.1 Genesis; 1.2.2 Variation; 1.3 Data and methods; 1.4 Conclusion; 2 Variation in Singapore English: old and new models; 2.1 Early models and diglossia; 2.1.1 The continuum hypothesis; 2.1.2 Polyglossia; 2.1.3 Diglossia
2.2 Contemporary models and indexicality2.2.1 Cultural orientation model; 2.2.2 Indexicality; 2.3 Conclusion; 3 Description: phonology and lexicon; 3.1 Phonology; 3.1.1 Vowels; 3.1.2 Consonants; 3.2 Lexicon; 3.2.1 Etymology; 3.2.2 Borrowing and code-switching; 3.3 Conclusion; 4 Description: grammar; 4.1 Syntax and morphology; 4.1.1 The verb; 4.1.2 got; 4.1.3 Aspect marking; 4.2 Semantics and pragmatics; 4.2.1 Discourse particles; 4.2.2 Lexical semantics; 4.3 Conclusion; 5 Indexicality: a model for Singapore?; 5.1 Indexicality as an analytic tool; 5.2 Eckert's indexical field
5.3 Indexicality in Singapore5.4 Conclusions; 6 Conclusion: the variety as a structural unit; 6.1 Codes, varieties, and code-switching; 6.2 English in Singapore and Southeast Asia; 6.2.1 Language policies and Singapore English; 6.2.2 English in Southeast Asia; 6.3 V̀€arieties' of English; 6.4 Conclusion; Appendix A: Chinese romanisation; A.1 Mandarin: Pinyin; A.2 Cantonese: Jyut6ping3; A.3 Hokkien: Peh-oe-ji; Appendix B: Informants; Appendix C: Chinese languages; Bibliography; Author index; Subject index
Summary
This book offers readers a new way of thinking about the unique syntactic, semantic and phonological structure of Singapore English
