Table of Contents |
| Preface for Instructors | x |
| Acknowledgments | xii |
| Source Acknowledgments | xiii |
| General Introduction | 1 |
| Theorizing about Ethics | 3 |
| Reading Philosophy | 11 |
| Writing a Philosophy Paper [N] | 15 |
pt. I | Ethical Theory | 23 |
| Ethical Theory | 25 |
1. | Consequentialism [NR] / William H. Shaw | 28 |
2. | Deontology [W] / Piers Rawling | 37 |
3. | Rights [NW] / George W. Rainbolt | 49 |
4. | Virtue Theory [W] / Rosalind Hursthouse | 60 |
pt. II | Life and Death | 71 |
| Euthanasia | 73 |
5. | Rule-Utilitarianism and Euthanasia [W] / Brad Hooker | 76 |
6. | Justifying Physician-Assisted Deaths [W] / Tom L. Beauchamp | 85 |
7. | Against the Right to Die [R] / J. David Velleman | 92 |
8. | Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un)Assisted Suicide [W] / John Hardwig | 101 |
9. | A Duty to Care Revisited [R] / Joanne Lynn | 112 |
| Abortion | 121 |
10. | A Defense of Abortion / Judith Jarvis Thomson | 124 |
11. | On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion [R] / Mary Anne Warren | 132 |
12. | An Argument that Abortion is Wrong [W] / Don Marquis | 141 |
13. | The Moral Permissibility of Abortion / Margaret Olivia Little | 151 |
14. | Virtue Theory and Abortion [R] / Rosalind Hursthouse | 160 |
| Animals | 169 |
15. | All Animals are Equal / Peter Singer | 172 |
16. | Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism / R. G. Frey | 181 |
17. | The Case for Animal Rights / Tom Regan | 192 |
18. | The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research [N] / Carl Cohen | 198 |
19. | Why Cohen is Mistaken [NR] / Hugh LaFollette | 204 |
pt. III | The Personal Life | 215 |
| Family and Sexuality | 217 |
20. | What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? / Jane English | 219 |
21. | Morality, Parents, and Children / James Rachels | 223 |
22. | Missing Staircases and the Marriage Debate: Is Same-Sex Marriage Bad for Children? [NR] / John Corvino | 233 |
23. | What Is Marriage For? Children Need Mothers and Fathers [N] / Maggie Gallagher | 239 |
| Biomedical Technologies | 245 |
24. | Artificial Means of Reproduction and Our Understanding of the Family / Ruth Macklin | 247 |
25. | Is Women's Labor a Commodity? / Elizabeth S. Anderson | 255 |
26. | "Goodbye Dolly?" The Ethics of Human Cloning / John Harris | 265 |
27. | The Wisdom of Repugnance: Why We Should Ban the Cloning of Humans / Leon R. Kass | 274 |
28. | Cognitive Enhancement / David R. Crawford | 283 |
pt. IV | Liberty and Equality | 291 |
| Paternalism and Risk | 293 |
29. | Freedom of Action / John Stuart Mill | 295 |
30. | On Improving People by Political Means / Lester H. Hunt | 299 |
31. | Against the Legalization of Drugs / James Q. Wilson | 309 |
32. | Why We Should Decriminalize Drug Use [R] / Douglas Husak | 314 |
33. | The Liberal Basis of the Right to Bear Arms [R] / Lester H. Hunt | 323 |
34. | Gun Control / Hugh LaFollette | 334 |
| Free Speech | 346 |
35. | Freedom of Thought and Discussion / John Stuart Mill | 348 |
36. | "The Price We Pay?" Pornography and Harm [R] / Susan J. Brison | 352 |
37. | The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality / Andrew Altman | 361 |
38. | Sticks and Stones [W] / John Arthur | 370 |
39. | Speech Codes and Expressive Harm [W] / Andrew Altman | 381 |
| Sexual and Racial Discrimination | 389 |
40. | Racism / Michele Moody-Adams | 392 |
41. | Servility and Self-Respect / Thomas E. Hill, Jr. | 401 |
42. | Sexual Harassment / Anita M. Superson | 407 |
43. | Date Rape / Lois Pineau | 415 |
44. | Men in Groups: Collective Responsibility for Rape [R] / Robert Strikwerda | 422 |
| Affirmative Action | 431 |
45. | The Case against Affirmative Action [R] / Louis P. Pojman | 433 |
46. | The Rights of Allan Bakke / Ronald Dworkin | 443 |
47. | Affirmative Action as Equalizing Opportunity: Challenging the Myth of "Preferential Treatment" [W] / Uma Narayan | 449 |
pt. V | Justice | 461 |
| Punishment | 463 |
48. | Punishment and Desert [W] / James Rachels | 466 |
49. | Out of Character: On the Psychology of Excuses in the Criminal Law [W] / John M. Doris | 474 |
50. | Does Punishment Work? [W] / Kevin M. Beaver | 484 |
51. | In Defense of the Death Penalty / Louis P. Pojman | 494 |
52. | Against the Death Penalty / Jeffrey Reiman | 503 |
| Economic Justice | 510 |
53. | A Theory of Justice / John Rawls | 513 |
54. | The Entitlement Theory of Justice / Robert Nozick | 524 |
55. | Displacing the Distributive Paradigm / Iris Marion Young | 535 |
56. | Economic Competition: Should We Care about the Losers? [W] / Jonathan Wolff | 545 |
| World Hunger | 552 |
57. | Famine, Affluence, and Morality / Peter Singer | 554 |
58. | Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code [W] / John Arthur | 563 |
59. | Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend [R] / Thomas W. Pogge | 571 |
60. | Feeding People versus Saving Nature [R] / Holmes Rolston | 583 |
| Environment | 592 |
61. | The Value of Nature [NW] / Ronald Sandler | 594 |
62. | A Place for Cost-Benefit Analysis [R] / David Schmidtz | 602 |
63. | Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments / Thomas E. Hill, Jr. | 611 |
64. | A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption [NR] / Stephen M. Gardiner | 620 |
| War, Terrorism, and Reconciliation | 631 |
65. | Is the War on Terrorism a Defense of Civilization? [N] / Stephen Nathanson | 634 |
66. | Just War Doctrine and the Military Response to Terrorism [R] / Joseph Boyle | 640 |
67. | Nipping Evil in the Bud: The Questionable Ethics of Preventive Force [W] / Douglas P. Lackey | 649 |
68. | The Justifiability of Humanitarian Intervention [R] / Charles R. Beitz | 658 |
69. | Pacifism: Reclaiming the Moral Presumption [W] / William J. Hawk | 666 |
70. | Political Reconciliation [NR] / Colleen Murphy | 675 |