Title Handbook of affect and social cognition / edited by Joseph P. Forgas

Published Mahwah, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates, [2001] ©2001

Table of Contents
	Contributors					xiii
	Preface					xv
	1	Introduction: Affect and Social Cognition / Joseph P. Forgas				1
			Philosophical and Speculative Theories Linking Affect and Cognition			6
			Some Early Empirical Evidence for Affective Influences on Cognition and Judgments			7
			Psychodynamic Approaches to Affect and Cognition			8
			Conditioning Approaches to Affect and Cognition			9
			The Emergence of a Cognitive Paradigm			12
			Major Areas of Contemporary Research on Affect and Social Cognition			15
				Affect and Cognition: Fundamental Issues and the Nature of the Relationship		16
				Affective Influences on the Content of Cognition		17
				Affect and Social Information Processing		18
				Affective Influences on Social Motivation and Intentions		19
				Affect, Cognition, and Interpersonal Behavior		19
				Personality and Individual Differences in Affectivity		20
			Conclusion			21
			References			22
I	The Relationship Between Affect and Cognition: Fundamental Issues
	2	The Interaction of Affect and Cognition: A Neurobiological Perspective / Ralph Adolphs, Antonio R. Damasio				27
			Cognitive Affect			28
			Affective Modulation of Memory, Attention, and Decision Making in Animals			30
			Affect Modulates Declarative Memory			33
			Affect Modulates Decision Making			37
			Affect and Social Judgment			40
			Conclusions			43
			Acknowledgments			45
			References			45
	3	Affect and Attitudes: A Social Neuroscience Approach / Tiffany A. Ito, John T. Cacioppo				50
			Why Social Neuroscience?			51
			The Separability of Positive and Negative Affect			52
				The Evaluative Space Model		54
				Neural Substrates		57
				Negativity Bias		58
				Summary		59
			Rerepresentation of Evaluative Processes Across the Neuraxis			60
				Feeling without Knowing		63
				Applications to Implicit and Explicit Prejudice		65
				Different Evaluative Mechanisms or Decreased Activation with Practice?		67
				Summary		68
			Conclusion			69
			References			70
	4	Affect and Cognitive Appraisal Processes / Craig A. Smith, Leslie D. Kirby				75
			Appraisal Theory: Its Purpose and Major Assumptions			77
			Structural Models of Appraisal			80
			Toward a Process Model of Appraisal			84
			Appraisal Theory, Affect, and Social Cognition			89
			References			90
II	Affective Influences on the Content of Cognition
	5	Mood and Social Memory / Gordon H. Bower, Joseph P. Forgas				95
			Affective Features of Social Episode Representations			96
			Memory for Emotional Episodes			98
			Affective Recall without Factual Recall			99
			Emotional Units in Associative Networks			103
			Mood-Dependent Retrieval			104
			Mood-Congruent Processing			108
			Limitations on Mood Congruity			110
			Information-Processing Strategies that Moderate Mood Effects on Memory			112
			Summary and Conclusions			115
			Acknowledgment			116
			References			117
	6	Affect as Information / Gerald L. Clore, Karen Gasper, Erika Garvin				121
			Affect and Judgment			122
				Traditional Views		122
				The Affect-as-Information View		123
			Mood and Processing			129
				Priming and Processing		133
			Mood and Memory			136
			Summary			139
			Acknowledgments			140
			References			141
	7	Affective Influences on the Self-Concept: Qualifying the Mood-Congruency Principle / Constantine Sedikides, Jeffrey D. Green				145
			The Affect Infusion Model			147
				Type of Self-Conceptions		147
				Individual Differences		151
				Judgmental Task Features		154
			Concluding Remarks			156
			References			158
III	Affective Influences on Social Information Processing
	8	Affective Influences on Social Information Processing / Klaus Fiedler				163
			A Fundamental Processing Dichotomy			165
				Basic Assumptions, Methods, and Findings		166
				Mood-Congruency Effects		168
				Mood Effects on Information-Processing Style		169
				Boundary Conditions of Mood-Congruent Memory and Judgment		171
				Integrating the Evidence in Terms of Processing Differences: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM)		172
				The Processing Consequences of Affect		176
				Affect, Cognition, and Adaptive Learning: Assimilation versus Accommodation		177
			Summary and Conclusions			182
			References			183
	9	Promotion and Prevention Experiences: Relating Emotions to Nonemotional Motivational States / E. Tory Higgins				186
			Promotion and Prevention Focus Concerns			189
			Promotion and Prevention: Nonemotional Motivational States			192
			Promotion and Prevention: Emotional Experiences			195
			Promotion and Prevention Experiences of Motivational Strength			200
			Additional Implications of Promotion and Prevention for Emotion			203
			Acknowledgments			208
			References			208
	10	The Role of Affect in Attitude Change / Richard E. Petty, David DeSteno, Derek D. Rucker				212
			Attitude Structure			215
			Attitude Change with Relevant Affect			216
				Affective versus Cognitive Appeals		216
				Fear Appeals		217
			Attitude Change with Irrelevant (Incidental) Affect			218
				Effects of Emotional Factors Under Low-Elaboration Conditions		219
				Effects of Emotional Factors Under High-Elaboration Conditions		221
				Effects of Emotional Factors Under Moderate-Elaboration Conditions		223
				Mood-Correction Effects		226
			Conclusion			228
			References			228
IV	Affective Influences on Motivation and Intentions
	11	The Role of Affect in Cognitive-Dissonance Processes / Eddie Harmon-Jones				237
			Overview of the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance			238
				Research Paradigms		239
				Role of Negative Affect		240
			A Conceptualization of Why Dissonance Produces Negative Affect			240
			Cognitive Discrepancy as an Antecedent of Negative Affect			241
				Dissonance and Physiological Responses		241
				Dissonance and Self-Reported Negative Affect		242
				Using Assessments of Negative Affect to Understand the Motivation Underlying Dissonance Reduction		242
				Critical Evaluation		244
			On the Causal Relation Between Dissonance, Affect, and Discrepancy Reduction			245
				The Relation of Dissonance-Produced Affect to Discrepancy Reduction		245
				Dissonance and Misattribution of Affect		247
				Independent Sources of Affect and Discrepancy Reduction		249
			Affective Consequences of Cognitive-Discrepancy Reduction			250
				Does Discrepancy Reduction Decrease Physiological Responses?		251
				Does Discrepancy Reduction Decrease Negative Affect?		251
				Resolving Discrepant Findings for Physiological Responses and Reported Affect		252
			Summary and Conclusions			252
			Acknowledgments			252
			References			253
	12	Mood as a Resource in Processing Self-Relevant Information / Yaacov Trope, Melissa Ferguson, Raj Raghunathan				256
			Mood as a Resource in Overcoming Defensiveness			257
				Mood-Incongruent Information Search		258
				Self-Induced Positive Mood		261
			Mood as a Resource and Mood as a Goal			262
			Research on Mood as a Resource versus a Goal in Feedback-Seeking Behavior			263
			Mood as a Resource versus a Goal in Processing Persuasive Messages			267
				Mood-Incongruent Recall		267
				Affective Consequences of Processing		268
				Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions		269
			Conclusions			270
			References			272
	13	The Role of Motivated Social Cognition in the Regulation of Affective States / Maureen Wang Erber, Ralph Erber				275
			The Search for Mood Repair			276
			The Social Constraints Model of Mood Regulation and Processing			279
			Mood Regulation: What and When			284
			Research Supporting the Social Constraints Model: The Coolness Effect			285
			Research Supporting the Appropriateness Hypothesis I: Strangers versus Romantic Couples			286
			Research Supporting the Appropriateness Hypothesis II: Accepting versus Critical Others			287
			Some Parting Thoughts			288
			References			289
V	Affective Influences on Cognitively Mediated Social Behaviors
	14	Affect, Cognition, and Interpersonal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Processing Strategies / Joseph P. Forgas				293
			Affect Congruence in Interpersonal Behavior			295
			Affect Infusion: A Question of Processing Style?			296
			Affective Influences on Behavior Interpretation			300
			Affect and Eyewitness Memory for Observed Interactions			302
			Affective Influences on Spontaneous Interaction			303
			Affect Infusion and Interpersonal Strategies: Making a Request			304
			Affective Influences on Responding to Unexpected Social Situations			307
			Affective Influences on Planned Strategic Encounters			308
			Affective Influences on Persuasive Communication			311
			The Interaction Between Affect and Cognitive-Processing Strategies			312
			Summary and Conclusions			314
			Acknowledgments			316
			References			316
	15	Affective Influences on Stereotyping and Intergroup Relations / Galen V. Bodenhausen, Thomas Mussweiler, Shira Gabriel, Kristen N. Moreno				319
			The Affective Context of Intergroup Relations			320
				Chronic Integral Affect		321
				Episodic Integral Affect		322
				Incidental Affect		324
			Mechanisms of Affective Influence on the Stereotyping Process			326
				Category Identification		326
				Stereotype Activation		328
				Stereotype Application		330
				Stereotype Correction		336
			Final Thoughts			337
			References			338
	16	Affect and Health-Relevant Cognition / Peter Salovey, Jerusha B. Detweiler, Wayne T. Steward, Brian T. Bedell				344
			Induced Mood and Thoughts about Health			346
			Direct Effects of Mood on Illness: Findings from Psychoneuroimmunology			349
				Induced Mood and Immunologic Parameters		349
				Laughter and Immunity		350
			Dispositional Links Between Mood and Health			351
				Optimism		351
				Hope		352
				Religiosity		353
				Mood-Regulatory Skills		354
				Hardiness		355
				Negative Affectivity		356
				Affect Intensity		357
			Mood and Attentional Focus			358
			Affect, Health-Relevant Cognition, and Social Support			359
			Changes in Mood Motivate Health-Relevant Behaviors			361
			Conclusion			362
			Acknowledgments			363
			References			363
VI	The Role of Individual Differences in Affectivity
	17	Personality as a Moderator of Affective Influences on Cognition / Cheryl L. Rusting				371
			Personality Traits that Enhance Mood-Congruent Processing			375
				Extraversion and Neuroticism		375
				Other Negative Traits		378
			Personality Traits that Reverse Negative Mood-Congruent Processing			379
				Mood-Regulation		380
				Self-Esteem		382
			When Are Personality and Mood Effects on Cognition Present?			383
				Type of Mood Induction		384
				Motivations to Regulate Emotions		385
				Type of Cognitive Task		386
			Difficulties in Research on Personality, Mood, and Cognition			387
			References			388
	18	Affect, Stress, and Personality / Jerry Suls				392
			The Big Five, Affective Experience, and Stress			394
			Neuroticism and Responses to Life Events			396
			Processes Contributing to the Neurotic Cascade			399
			Personality in the Context of Affective-Cognitive Networks			402
			Person [times] Environment Fit: The Case of Agreeableness			403
			Conclusions			405
			Acknowledgments			406
			References			406
	19	Emotion, Intelligence, and Emotional Intelligence 1953-. / John D. Mayer				410
			Putting Emotion and Cognition in Their Place			413
				The Trilogy of Mind		413
				Other Parts of Personality		415
				Emotional Traits		415
				Cognitive Traits		416
				Emotion and Cognition: What Is Intelligence and What Is Not?		417
			The Theory of Emotional Intelligence			418
				Emotion as Information		418
				Emotional Perception		419
				Emotional Integration		420
				Understanding Emotion		421
				Management of Emotion		422
			Emotional Intelligence as a Standard Intelligence			423
				Measuring Emotional Intelligence as an Ability		423
				A Description of the MEIS		424
				Scoring the MEIS		425
				Findings with the MEIS		425
			Discussion and Conclusion			426
			References			428
	Author Index					433
	Subject Index					451

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Description xviii, 457 pages ; 24 cm Contents 1. Introduction: affect and social cognition / Joseph P. Forgas -- 2. The interaction of affect and cognition: a neurobiological perspective / Ralph Adolphs and Antonio R. Damasio -- 3. Affect and attitudes: a social neuroscience approach / Tiffany A. Ito and John T. Cacioppo -- 4. Affect and cognitive appraisal processes / Craig A. Smith and Leslie D. Kirby -- 5. Mood and social memory / Gordon H. Bower and Joseph P. Forgas -- 6. Affect as information / Gerald L. Clore, et al -- 7. Affective influences on the self-concept: qualifying the mood-congruency principle / Constantine Sedikides and Jeffrey D. Green -- 8. Affective influences on social information processing / Klaus Fiedler -- 9. Promotion and prevention experiences: relating emotions to nonemotional motivational states / E. Tory Higgins -- 10. The role of affect in attitude change / Richard E. Petty, et al -- 11. The role of affect in cognitive-dissonance processes / Eddie Harmon-Jones -- 12. Mood as a resource in processing self-relevant information / Yaacov Trope, et al -- 13. The role of motivated social cognition in the regulation of affective states / Maureen Wang Erber and Ralph Erber -- 14. Affect, cognition and interpersonal behavior: the mediating role of processing strategies / Joseph P. Forgas -- 15. Affective influences on stereotyping and intergroup relations / Galen V. Bodenhausen, et al -- 16. Affect and health-relevant cognition / Peter Salovey, et al -- 17. Personality as a moderator of affective influences on cognition / Cheryl L. Rusting -- 18. Affect, stress and personality / Jerry Suls -- 19. Emotion, intelligence and emotional intelligence / John D. Mayer Summary The quest to understand the role of affect in human affairs represents one of the last frontiers in psychology. Although philosophers, writers, artists, and laypersons have long been fascinated by the intriguing influence of emotion on our thoughts, memories, beliefs, and judgments, the psychological mechanisms responsible for these effects remained incompletely understood until very recently. Surprisingly, most of what we know about the role of feelings in social thinking and behavior has been discovered only during the last two decades. This book offers a comprehensive review and integration of the most recent research and theories on the role of affect in social cognition and features specially commissioned original contributions from leading researchers active in the field. The book is organized into six major sections concerning the nature and relationship between affect and cognition: the neuropsychology and psychophysiology of affect and cognition; cognitive processes in the appraisal of emotion; affective influences on social memory; judgments and information processing strategies; the role of affect in social motivation and social behavior; and individual differences in affectivity and "emotional intelligence." The applications of this work to areas such as clinical, organizational, forensic, health, marketing, and advertising psychology receive special emphasis throughout. The book is suitable as a core textbook in advanced courses dealing with the role of affect in social cognition and behavior or as a reference tool for those interested in the subject.ectual context Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and indexes Subject Affect (Psychology) Cognition -- Social aspects. Thought and thinking. Author Forgas, Joseph P. LC no. 00034779 ISBN 0805832173 (alk. paper)

Other Titles Affect and social cognition

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