1. Historical evolution of the concept of "rape" -- 2. Definition of rape in international law -- 3. Constitutive elements: actus reus, mens rea, non consent -- 4. United Nations Commission on Yugoslavia conflict: rape as tool of "ethnic cleansing" -- 5. International Tribunals and procedural issues: a. historical contest: Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda ; b. creation of the ad hoc Tribunals ; c. protection of victims ; guarantees for accused -- 6. Main judgements: a. Tadic and Blaskic: rape as element of a widespread or systematic campaign of terror ; b. Akayesu: rape as genocide ; c. "Cilibici Camp" and case law on Rape as Torture ; d. Furundẑija : rape as a war crime ; e. Kunarac et al. ("Foca') and rape as a crime against humanity -- 7. Conclusion -- Appendix: Documents; Case law ICTR and ICTY
