| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Pathophysiology and Assessment -- 1: Neural Basis of Spasticity -- Definition of Spasticity -- Time Course of the Development of Spasticity -- What Types of Neural Injury Lead to the Development of Spasticity? -- How Does Injury to the Corticospinal Tract Lead to Spasticity? -- Consequences of Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Spinal Circuitry -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Spasticity Versus Spastic Movement Disorder -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Aspects -- Functional Aspects -- Implications for Treatment |
|
Conclusion -- References -- 3: Clinical Assessment of the Syndrome of Spastic Paresis -- Introduction -- Assessment of Spasticity -- Ashworth-Derived Scales -- The Tardieu Scale -- The Syndrome of Spastic Paresis -- The Non-Neural Muscle Disorder: Spastic Myopathy -- The Neural Disorder -- Muscle Overactivity in Antagonists -- Stretch-Sensitive Paresis in Agonists -- The Five-Step Assessment -- Functional Step: Step 1 -- Technical Steps: Steps 2-5 -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Quantitative Measurement of Resistance to Passive Joint Motion in Chronic Stroke Survivors -- Introduction |
|
Quantification of Neural and Biomechanical Responses During Elbow Joint Rotation -- Determination of Catch Angle and EMG Response -- Occurrence of a Catch -- EMG Onset Angle -- Catch Angle and Reflex EMG Response as a Function of Joint Rotation Speed -- Timing of the Onset of the EMG Response and the Catch Angle -- Origins of the Resistance to Passive Joint Motion -- Quantification of the Resistance to Passive Joint Rotation After BoNT Injections in Chronic Stroke Survivors -- Conclusions -- References -- 5: Structural Alterations in Muscle in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy |
|
Skeletal Muscle Structure -- Change in Muscle Structure During Postnatal Development -- Muscle Adaptation -- Clinical Presentation in Children with Cerebral Palsy -- Sarcomere Alterations in Contractured Muscles -- Extracellular Matrix -- Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Content -- Alterations in Passive Muscle Stiffness -- Muscle Stem Cells -- Satellite Cells -- Change in Satellite Cells in Contractured Muscles -- Metabolic Properties -- Alterations in Motor Units and in the Neuromuscular Junction -- Conclusion -- References |
|
6: Mechanisms of Development of Passive Mechanical Muscle Stiffness -- Introduction -- Three-dimensional Muscle Geometry and its Effect on Active and Passive Force Generation -- The Architecture of Muscle Affects its Force Generating Capacity -- The ECM Transmits Force Laterally and Facilitates Muscle Shape Changes -- The Three-dimensional Nature of Muscle Contraction -- Effect of Fluid-ECM Interactions on Muscle Mechanics -- Role of Intramuscular Fluid on the Properties of the ECM -- Intramuscular Fluid Affects the Viscosity of the Ground Substance of the ECM |
| Summary |
This book aids the practitioner in understanding the difference between spasticity and muscle stiffness, weighing old and new treatment options, and developing an appropriate treatment algorithm for a given patient. Spasticity is a common and disabling condition after neurologic injury such as stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Current treatments for spasticity may exacerbate other problems. Hence, there is a great need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of spasticity and muscle stiffness, its assessment, and the various treatment options available to obtain the best results to restore joint alignment, movement, and function. This book is organized into two sections: Part I of the book deals with the pathophysiology and assessment of spasticity and muscle stiffness, and Part II of the book explains the rationale, framework, considerations, and evidence for various treatments for both spasticity and muscle stiffness. This comprehensive approach will enable physiatrists, neurologists, internists, and physical and occupational therapists to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed September 27, 2022) |
| Subject |
Spasticity.
|
|
Muscles -- Physiology.
|
|
Muscle Spasticity
|
|
Muscles -- Physiology
|
|
Spasticity
|
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| Author |
Raghavan, Preeti, editor
|
| ISBN |
9783030969004 |
|
3030969002 |
|
