Machine derived contents note: Part One: Theoretical Approaches -- Theories of Urbanization -- Cities and Urban Systems -- Toward A New Comparative Civilizational Approach -- Part Two: Case Studies -- Urbanization in Southeast Asia -- Urbanization in Colonial Latin America -- Urbanization in the Chinese Empire -- Urbanization in the Russian Empire -- Urbanization in the Byzantine Empire -- Urbanization in the Early Periods of Islam -- Urbanization in India -- Urbanization in Japan -- Urbanization in Medieval Europe -- Part Three: Analysis And Conclusions -- Major Dimensions of Distinctiveness of Cities and Urban Systems -- Patterns of Cities and Urban Systems and the Institutional Creativity of Cities