Rwanda and Burundi before Independence -- Rwanda since Independence -- The Rwandese diaspora -- Burundi since Independence -- 1990: the first RPF invasion -- Abuses of human rights -- Arming the Rwandese regime -- The Arusha Accords -- The UN reviews its role -- The killings escalate -- The UN response -- The massacres -- Refugee crises in Tanzania and Burundi -- The case for a new UN force -- The French intervention -- The refugee crisis in Zaire -- Prospects for the future -- Lessons from the international response -- Recommendations -- Appendix: Oxfam's programme in the Great Lakes region