Foreword / Yosef Kaplan -- 1. Voluntarism and the Organic Nation. Organic and Voluntarist Nationalism. Cultural Determinism and the Political Ideal. Ethnic and Civic Nations. Cultural Primordialism -- 2. The Nation: Modern or Perennial? The Modernist Orthodoxy. Modernist Historiography. The Perennialist Critique. Continuous Perennialism. Recurrent Perennialism. Ancient Nations? Conclusion: Problems with Perennialism -- 3. Social Construction and Ethnic Genealogy. Invented Traditions, Imagined Communities. A Critique of Social Constructionism. An Ethnosymbolic Account of Nations and. Nationalism