| Description |
xvi, 186 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm |
| Contents |
Machine derived contents note: 1. Gender inequalities in the labour market and in society 1 -- Introduction 1 -- Women's increasing participation in the labour force 2 -- Women's jobs in flexible labour markets 4 -- Men's jobs, women's jobs: Occupational segregation 10 -- Closing the pay gap between men and women 13 -- Reconciling work and family 16 -- Gender equality in society: Social and economic indicators 20 -- Conclusion 21 -- 2. Women in professional and managerial jobs 25 -- Introduction 25 -- Statistical issues involved in classifying professional and -- managerial employees 27 -- Women in professional jobs 28 -- Women in managerial jobs: The figures 29 -- Uneven and slow progress for women in management 35 -- Women at the top 38 -- Women managers in the financial, business and banking sectors 42 -- Women managers in the public service 44 -- "Glass walls" 45 -- Women in politics 47 -- Earnings gaps between female and male managers 49 -- Obstacles to breaking through the glass ceiling 52 -- Conclusion 56 -- 3. Improving women's qualifications and opportunities: -- A key element in breaking through the glass ceiling 61 -- Introduction 61 -- The improved educational achievements of young women 62 -- New gender choices in careers 70 -- Strategies to widen the educational choices of girls and women 86 -- Eliminating sex-role stereotyping in educational curricula 86 -- Awareness-raising on educational choices 90 -- Promoting gender equality in the teaching profession 93 -- On-the-job training 96 -- Conclusion 96 -- -- -- -- 4. At the workplace: Career development in practice 99 -- Introduction 99 -- Gender differences in career paths 100 -- Getting over the recruitment hurdle 106 -- Promotion opportunities 108 -- Recruiting for top jobs 111 -- The right training 111 -- Working time 113 -- Job design and work organization 113 -- Balancing professional and family responsibilities 114 -- Combating sexual harassment 117 -- Human resource management to advance women 119 -- Equal employment opportunity policies 119 -- Achieving targets: Positive action 120 -- Diversity management 121 -- Total E-Quality 125 -- Human resources information: The need for benchmarking 126 -- Key career-building strategies 127 -- Networking 127 -- Career tracking 128 -- Mentoring 128 -- Succession planning 130 -- A comprehensive approach 130 -- Ensuring effectiveness 133 -- Sensitization 133 -- Evaluation 134 -- Commitment and accountability 134 -- Conclusion 134 -- 5. Policies for promoting women in management 139 -- Introduction 139 -- National policies and programmes 139 -- Promoting positive action 141 -- Programmes addressing the glass ceiling 143 -- The role of the social partners 144 -- Women networking 146 -- Conclusion 149 -- 6. International action to promote equal employment opportunities 153 -- Introduction 153 -- International labour standards on women workers 153 -- ILO standards on gender equality 154 -- Discrimination in employment and occupation 154 -- Equal remuneration 156 -- Maternity protection 157 -- Workers with family responsibilities 159 -- From protection to equal treatment 159 -- Global actions taken within the United Nations system 161 -- The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms -- of Discrimination against Women 161 -- The 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women 162 -- Beijing+5: Global High-level Plenary Review of the Beijing Platform -- for Action 162 -- ILO policies and programmes to promote equality in employment 163 -- Women workers' rights 163 -- -- -- -- "More and Better Jobs for Women" 163 -- Mainstreaming gender issues 164 -- Women in management 165 -- Gender equality and employers' organizations 166 -- How employers and their organizations can promote gender equality -- in the workplace 168 -- Gender equality and trade unions 169 -- Social dialogue on gender equality 172 -- Conclusion 1 174 -- Select bibliography 177 -- Annex I. Gender disparity: HDI, GDI and GEM rankings by country 183 -- Figures -- 1.1. Women's economic activity rates for the age group 20-54 in 1950, 1970, -- 1990 and 2010 (world, more-developed and less-developed regions) 3 -- 1.2. M -shape 4 -- 1.3. Economic activity rates by sex and age group in 1950, 1970, 1990 and -- 2010 (world and selected countries) 5 -- 1.4. Women's share in the labour force in 1970, 1990, 2000 and 2010 (world -- and by region) 6 -- 1.5. Proportion of part-time workers compared with total employment, -- 1996-97 (selected countries) 7 -- 1.6. Involuntary part-time work as a percentage of total employment, 1993-95 -- or nearest year (selected countries and areas) 9 -- 1.7. Women's percentage share of jobs in financing, insurance, real estate and -- business services, 1989-92 and 1996-98 (selected countries and areas) 12 -- 1.8. Women's gross hourly wages as a percentage of men's, 1995 (selected -- European countries) 14 -- 1.9. Mean annual earnings of university-educated women as a percentage -- of those of university-educated men in two age brackets, 1995-96 -- (selected OECD countries) 17 -- 1.10. International comparison of wage differentials and share of housework by -- sex (selected OECD countries) 19 -- 2.1. The glass ceiling in the organizational pyramid 26 -- 2.2. Women's percentage share of professional work, 1993-95 and 1997-98 -- (selected countries) 30 -- 2.3. Percentage of people employed in legislative, senior official and -- managerial positions, 1998 (selected countries) 31 -- 2.4. Women's percentage share of legislators, senior officials and managers -- and their share in total employment, 1998-99 (selected countries) 32 -- 2.5. Women's percentage share of administrative and managerial positions, and -- their share in total employment, 1997-98 (selected countries) 34 -- 2.6. Women's percentage share of legislators, senior officials and managers, -- 1993-95 and 1997-98 (selected countries) 36 -- 2.7. Women's percentage share of senior executive positions in major -- corporations, Brazil, 1990 40 -- 2.8. Percentage of women managers in the United Kingdom by function group, -- 1998 45 -- 2.9. The glass ceiling and glass walls in the organizational pyramid 48 -- 2.10. Indicative survey of posts of presidents of parliamentary committees held -- by women, world overview 49 |
| Analysis |
Equal opportunities |
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Executives |
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Labour market |
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Management |
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Women |
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Employment participation rates |
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Australia overseas comparisons |
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Statistics |
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Glass ceiling |
| Notes |
Summary also available on the Internet & on the Electronic Resources Repository (captured 20 August 2001) |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Subject |
Glass ceiling (Employment discrimination)
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Women executives.
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Women employees -- Promotions.
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Sex discrimination in employment.
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Sex discrimination against women.
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| Author |
International Labour Office.
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| LC no. |
2001422893 |
| ISBN |
9221108457 |
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