Overviews key issues in Aboriginal contact with the criminal justice system - policing, judicial system, non -Aboriginal criminal law, incarceration; discusses inadequacy of responses such as the Anunga Rules and decriminalisation of public drunkenness in substantially reducing systemic discrimination; considers constructive approaches to reducing human rights violations in the criminal justice system based on princiiples of autonomy or self-determination; recognition of Aboriginal customary law and the modest recommendations of the Australian Law Reform Commission; local or community justice mechanisms such as proposed Yirrkala scheme, Aboriginal Justice of the Peace scheme in Western Australia, Aboriginal courts in Queensland; Julalikari Council initiatives; self-determination under international law