Dr Edge comments on research by her UCL team into aspects of school leadership in London, New York City and Toronto. She identifies frequently ignored possible influences of district-level or school-level management of teachers, as well as the possible impact of centralisation/decentralisation patterns on an education system's overall ability to retain its teacher workforce. While these ideas are being shared at an early stage of development, she believes the team's observations of the potential unintended influence of school system structure, on teacher careers and workforce, may offer insight and a set of questions to guide both research and policy thinking on the topic of system design