Description |
xiii, 335 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm |
Contents |
Machine derived contents note: Preface To The Second Edition. -- About the Book. -- 1. Language And Speech. -- Language Variation. -- A Very Brief History Of The English Language. -- Speech And Language. -- Phonological Analysis. -- Summary. -- Notes. -- 2. Sound And Voice. -- Hearing. -- Energy, Vibration, And Medium. -- The Measurement Of Vibrations. -- Figure 2.1. -- Exercise: Sound Waves. -- Resonance. -- Air In Motion. -- The Human Voice. -- Figure 2.2. -- The Vocal Cords. -- Figure 2.3. -- The Vocal Tract. -- Kinds Of Speech Sounds. -- Exercise: Classes Of Sounds And Features. -- Summary. -- Addendum: A Note On Redundancy. -- Exercise: Redundancy Statements. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 3. Consonants. -- Preliminary Exercise: Identifying Consonants By Matching. -- The Feature [Consonantal]. -- Lip Consonants (Labials). -- Tongue?Tip Consonants (Apicals). -- Questions About Features. -- Tongue?Front Consonants (Laminals). -- Tongue?Back Consonants (Dorsals). -- Summary Chart. -- Questions About Feature Differences. -- Articulators Or Points Of Articulation?. -- The Feature [Lateral]. -- Summary. -- Practice With Symbols. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 4. Vowels And Glides. -- Preliminary Exercise. -- Dialect Differences. -- Vowel Features. -- A General Inventory And Particular Inventories. -- Phonetic Descriptions. -- Figure 4.1. -- Figure 4.2. -- The Vowel Inventories Of Specific Dialects. -- The Incidence Of Vowels. -- Practice With Transcription. -- The Glides. -- Practice With Phoneme Classes. -- Exploring Matters Of Vowel Incidence. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 5. Syllables And Stress. -- Syllables. -- Syllable Structure. -- Exploring Syllable Onsets. -- Feedback And Comment. -- Exploring Syllable Codas. -- Feedback And Comment. -- Strong And Weak Syllables. -- Exercise On Strong And Weak Syllables. -- Syllable Division. -- Suffixes And Stress. -- Exercise On Stress In Related Words. -- Compounds And Some Other Words. -- Exercise On Certain Word Endings. -- Identifying The Vowels Of Weak Syllables. -- Exercise And Comment: Final /-I, -U, -O/. -- Exercise And Comment: /-I-, -U-/ Before Vowels. -- Exercise And Comment: Contrast Of Schwa And /I/. -- Syllabic Consonants. -- Practice With Syllabic Consonants. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 6. Phonotactics. -- Word?Initial Position. -- Problem: Initial Clusters. -- Feedback And Discussion. -- A Note Regarding /J/. -- Contrast And Variation. -- Word?Final Position. -- Questions: Final Clusters. -- Feedback And Discussion. -- Clusters Of Three Consonants. -- Word?Medial Position. -- Question: Medial Clusters. -- Practice: Dividing Into Syllables. -- Borrowed Words. -- Omission And Insertion Of A Consonant. -- Limits On Vowel Occurrences. -- Free Vowels And Checked Vowels. -- Investigating Some Constraints. -- Functional Loads. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 7. Consonant And Vowel Variation. -- Variation In Point Of Articulation. -- Questions About Apical Consonants. -- Questions About Dorsal Consonants. -- Questions About Clear And Dark /L/. -- An Example Of Mutual Assimilation. -- Variation In Lip Shape. -- Variation In Nasality. -- Questions About Nasalized Vowels. -- Variation In Onset And Release. -- Exploring Onset And Release Of Stops. -- Exploring Lateral And Nasal Release. -- Questions On The Onset Of Sonorant Consonants. -- Questions On The Onset And Release Of Voiced Obstruents. -- Experiment With Aspiration. -- Variation In Length. -- Question On A Sequence Of Two Consonants. -- Question On Length In Sonorants. -- Multiple Variation For /T/. -- Some Questions Of Perception. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 8. Some Consequences Of Phonotactics. -- Consonant Clusters And Some Grammatical Suffixes. -- Exploration: Regular Past Tense. -- Exploration: Regular Plural Number. -- Question: Possessive. -- Question: 3rd Person Present. -- Questions: Reduced 'Is' And 'Has'. -- Feedback And Discussion. -- Question: Generative Treatment Of Past Tense Morpheme. -- Exercise: Final Clusters. -- Morpheme Variation. -- Practice: Bases In ?CI. -- Practice: Bases In ?Cl. -- Questions: Bases In ?Mn. -- Differences In Morpheme Division. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 9. The Rhythm Of English Speech. -- Prosody. -- Tone Units. -- Practice: Dividing An Utterance Into Tone Units. -- Stress Timing. -- Marked Accent: Paradigmatic Focus. -- Practice: Sentences Accented Differently. -- Marked Accent: Syntagmatic Focus. -- Exploration: Placing Accent In A Dialog. -- Feedback And Discussion. -- A Note On 'Too' And 'Either'. -- De?Accenting: Anaphoric Words. -- Lexical Anaphora. -- De?Accenting To Embed An Additional Message. -- Exploration: Differences Of De-Accenting. -- Practice: Creating Different Dialogs. -- Accent On Operators. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- 10. Intonation. -- Intonation And Perception. -- The Falling Tunes. -- The Rising Tunes. -- Comparisons. -- Compound Tunes. -- Practice: Utterances That Differ In Tune. -- Summary. -- Additional Practice; Three Dialogs. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 11. Predicting Word Stress. -- Is Stress Predictable?. -- Stress Rules. -- Neutral Suffixes. -- Tonic Endings. -- The Basic Stress Rule For Verbs. -- Exercise With Verbs. -- The Basic Stress Rule For Nouns. -- Exercise With Nouns. -- Rules For Adjectives. -- Exercise With Adjectives. -- Question. -- Extending The Basic Stress Rules. -- Discovery Exercise. -- Practice. -- Some Variations In Stress. -- Questions. -- What Do You Say?. -- Mixed Endings. -- Some 'Special' Endings. -- Question. -- Practice. -- Exercise. -- Formulate The Rule. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 12. Prefixes, Compound Words, And Phrases. -- Compounds. -- Practice: Compound Nouns. -- Practice: Compound Verbs, Nouns, And Adverbs. -- Practice Trees. -- Compounds And Phrases. -- Practice: Compounds And Phrases. -- What Do You Say?. -- Compound Verbs. -- Prefixes. -- Questions: Stress In Verbs. -- Exploration: Stress In Related Verbs And Nouns. -- Greek?Type Compounds. -- Question. -- A Rhythm Rule. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 13. Phonological Processes In Speech. -- Full Forms And Reduced Forms. -- Auxiliaries Or Operators Like Can. -- Pronouns Like You. -- Question. -- Prepositions Like To. -- Questions. -- Determiners Like Some. -- Conjunctions Like And. -- Miscellaneous. -- Chart 13. -- Exploration: Homophones?. -- More About Phonological Processes. -- Exploration. -- Questions. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- 14. Phonological Processes And The Lexicon. -- Words And Morphemes That Change. -- Underlying Forms And Lexical Processes. -- Checked Vowel Reduction. -- Palatalization. -- Practice. -- Alternation With Zero. -- Problem. -- Spirantization. -- Exercises. -- Velar Softening. -- Practice. -- The Sequence Of Rules. -- Problem. -- Change In Voice. -- Questions. -- The Vowel Shift Rule. -- Practice. -- Free And Checked Vowels. -- Practice. -- More About Augments. -- Exercise. -- Applications. -- Practice. -- Summary. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Feedback. -- Notes. -- Appendix. A List Of Word?Endings And Their Effects On Stress:. -- Neutral Suffixes. -- Tonic Endings. -- Heavy Endings. -- Light Endings |
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-- Posttonic Suffixes. -- Some Special Suffixes. -- Glossary. -- References. -- Index |
Analysis |
English language Pronunciation |
Notes |
Includes index |
Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages [322]-328) and index |
Subject |
English language -- Pronunciation by foreign speakers.
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English language -- Pronunciation.
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LC no. |
88026804 |
ISBN |
0631162186 |
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0631162194 (paperback) |
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