Natural law and natural rights -- Aristotle -- Cicero -- St. Thomas Aquinas -- Thomas Hobbes -- John Locke -- Immanuel Kant -- H.L.A. Hart -- The organic theory of the state and historicism -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel -- Friedrich Engels -- Thomas Hill Green -- Karl R. Popper -- Utilitarianism -- David Hume -- Jeremy Bentham -- John Stuart Mill -- John Austin -- John B. Rawls -- Law and morality -- H.L.A. Hart -- Lon L. Fuller