| Description |
xxvii, 376 pages ; 24 cm |
| Contents |
Contents note continued: 1.9.ISO, European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), and Sector Standards -- 1.9.1.The European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) -- 1.10.Corporate Social Responsibility and Multinationals -- 1.11.Environmental Regulation of International Corporations -- 1.11.1.National and Regional Regulations -- 1.12.Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) -- 1.12.1.Measuring Stability -- 1.13.Developments on the International CCS Scene -- 1.13.1.The 2009 London Protocol Amendment -- 1.13.2.The OSPAR Convention -- 1.14.How Do You Develop a CCS Regulatory Framework? -- 1.15.Policy Incentives Essential to Deploy CCS -- Endnotes -- ch. 2 Regulation, Energy Resources, and the Environment -- 2.1.Regulatory Design and Economics -- 2.2.Regulatory Development -- 2.3.Market Mechanisms -- 2.3.1.Types of Economic Instruments -- 2.4.The Economic Argument -- 2.5.An Overview of Two Market Mechanisms That Have Particular Relevance to the Energy Sector -- 2.5.1.Taxes/Charges -- |
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Contents note continued: 10.3.4.Public Service Obligations and Smart Metering -- 10.3.5.Cross-Border Interconnectors -- 10.4.The Development of the Petroleum Sector -- 10.4.1.The Licence System -- 10.4.2.Decommissioning -- 10.4.3.Liability -- 10.4.4.Suppliers of Goods and Services to the Norwegian Offshore Sector -- 10.5.Industry Structure -- 10.5.1.Gas Trading in Norway -- 10.5.2.Third-Party Access Regime to Gas Transportation Networks -- 10.5.2.1.Liquefied Natural Gas and Gas Storage -- 10.6.Environmental Issues -- 40.6.1.Emissions Trading -- 10.6.2.Renewable Energy -- 10.6.2.1.Biofuels -- 10.7.Energy Efficiency -- 10.8.Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) -- Endnotes -- ch. 11 Energy Law in Australia -- 11.1.Introduction -- 11.1.1.Energy Resources -- 11.1.2.Energy Production -- 11.1.3.Energy Policy -- 11.2.Industry Structure of the Electricity Market -- 11.2.1.The Regulators -- 11.2.2.Commonwealth and State Relations -- 11.2.2.1.The Tasmanian Dam Case -- 11.3.Energy Sectors -- |
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Contents note continued: 11.3.1.Uranium Mining -- 11.3.1.1.New South Wales -- 11.3.1.2.Northern Territory -- 11.3.1.3.South Australia -- 11.3.1.4.Victoria -- 11.3.1.5.Western Australia -- 11.4.Carbon Capture and Storage -- 11.5.Future Developments -- 11.5.1.Long-Term Liability Issues -- Endnotes -- ch. 12 Energy Law in India -- 12.1.Legislative Framework -- 12.2.Regulation of Electricity -- 12.3.The Policy Framework -- 12.4.Market Organisation -- 12.4.1.Generation -- 12.4.2.Transmission -- 12.4.3.Distribution -- 12.4.4.Sale of Electricity -- 12.5.Renewable Energy Policy -- 12.6.The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) -- 12.7.Wind Energy -- 12.8.Solar Energy -- 12.9.Hydropower, Geothermal, and Wave Energies -- 12.10.Waste to Energy -- 12.11.Biofuels -- 12.12.Carbon Capture and Storage -- 12.13.Policy and the Climate Change Agenda -- 12.14.Nuclear Energy -- Endnotes -- ch. 13 Energy Law in China -- |
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Contents note continued: 13.1.Evolution of Chinese Government Policy in Respect of the Energy Sector -- 13.2.Framework of Energy Law in China -- 13.3.Renewable Energy -- Endnotes -- ch. 14 Summary -- 14.1.Introduction -- 14.2.The Simple Economics of Environmental Policies -- 14.2.1.The US Experience -- 14.2.1.1.The RECLAIM Programme -- 14.2.2.European Union Policy -- 14.2.3.Economic Instruments in United Kingdom -- 14.3.A Technological Answer to Carbon Dioxide Emissions -- 14.3.1.International Law with Regard to CCS on the Continental Shelf -- 14.3.1.1.The Use of Sinks and Reservoirs -- 14.3.1.2.Developments at European Level -- 14.3.1.3.Liability Issues -- 14.3.1.4.Possible Incentives and ̀€State Aid' -- 14.4.International Efforts to Mitigate Environmental Degradation -- 14.4.1.CCS under EU Legislation -- 14.4.2.The Norwegian Experience -- 14.4.3.Liability for Environmental Damage Caused -- 14.4.4.The UK Perspective -- 14.4.5.CCS and State Aid -- 14.4.6.CCS and the EU ETS -- |
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Contents note continued: 14.4.7.Auctioning EU Allowances to Support CCS -- Endnotes |
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Contents note continued: 2.5.2.National Taxes -- 2.5.3.International Carbon Taxes -- 2.6.Emission Inventories -- Endnotes -- ch. 3 International Law and State Sovereignty -- 3.1.Energy, International, and Environmental Laws -- 3.2.State Sovereignty over Its Natural Resources -- 3.3.State Rights over Mineral Resources and Common Space -- 3.4.The 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf -- 3.5.The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 -- 3.6.Protection of the Marine Environment -- 3.6.1.Article 208 -- 3.7.Oil Pollution -- 3.8.Standard Setting within International Treaties and Their Protocols -- 3.9.The Depletion of the Ozone Layer -- 3.10.The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer -- 3.11.Climate Change -- 3.11.1.Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 -- 3.11.2.The Kyoto Protocol 1997 -- 3.11.2.1.Use of the Flexible Mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol -- Endnotes -- ch. 4 Trade, Competition, and the Environment -- |
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Contents note continued: 4.1.International Competition Law and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade -- 4.2.Intellectual Property Rights and Environmental Technology -- 4.2.1.Transfer of Environmental Technology and Corporate Social Responsibility -- 4.2.2.Theory, Intellectual Property Rights, and Technology Transfer -- 4.3.The Management of Risk in Energy Infrastructure -- 4.3.1.Bilateral and Multilateral Investment Agreements -- 4.3.2.Bilateral Investment Treaties -- 4.4.The Energy Charter Treaty -- 4.4.1.Investment Protection under the Energy Charter Treaty -- 4.4.2.Transit under the Energy Charter Treaty -- 4.4.3.Dispute Resolution -- 4.5.Case Studies -- 4.6.Model Agreements -- 4.6.1.Structuring Investment Protection -- Endnotes -- SECTION II -- ch. 5 International Law on Oil and Gas -- 5.1.Licensing for Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation -- 5.2.The Licence Regime -- 5.3.The Concession Regime -- 5.4.Case Study of the Concession Regime in Brazil -- |
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Contents note continued: 5.19.Three Cases Brought under the CLC -- 5.19.1.The Amoco Cadiz Case -- 5.19.2.The Sea Empress Case -- 5.19.3.The Braer Case -- 5.20.Decommissioning -- 5.20.1.The IMO Guidelines -- 5.20.2.The OSPAR Decision 98/3 -- 5.20.3.The 1972 London Dumping Convention -- Endnotes -- ch. 6 International Regulation of the Nuclear Industry -- 6.1.Nuclear Energy and the Environment -- 6.2.The Emergence of Environmental Concerns -- 6.3.The International Regulation of Nuclear Energy -- 6.4.The IAEA and the Regulation of Nuclear Power -- 6.5.OECD Nuclear Energy Agency -- 6.6.Control of Nuclear Risk -- 6.6.1.International Obligations -- 6.7.Radiation Protection Standards -- 6.8.State Responsibility for Nuclear Damage and Environmental Harm -- 6.9.The Transportation of Radioactive Materials -- 6.10.The IAEA Regulations -- 6.11.The Civil Liability Conventions -- 6.11.1.The Paris Convention on Third-Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, 1960 -- |
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Contents note continued: 5.5.Production-Sharing Agreements -- 5.6.Case Study of Production Sharing in Russia -- 5.7.Service Contracts -- 5.8.Case Study of a Service Contract in Iran -- 5.9.The Regulation of Offshore Installations under International Law -- 5.10.Ships and Oil Rigs in International Law -- 5.11.Oil Rigs under the Law of the Sea Convention, 1982 -- 5.12.Jurisdiction of States in Relation to Offshore Installations -- 5.12.1.A State's Right to Construct Offshore Installations -- 5.12.1.1.Internal Waters -- 5.12.1.2.In the Territorial Sea -- 5.12.1.3.The Exclusive Economic Zone -- 5.12.1.4.The Continental Shelf -- 5.12.1.5.On the High Seas -- 5.12.1.6.The International Deep Seabed Area -- 5.13.State Control and Jurisdiction over Oil Rigs -- 5.14.Criminal Jurisdiction -- 5.15.Civil Jurisdiction -- 5.16.Pollution Control and Environmental Issues -- 5.17.Definition of Marine Pollution -- 5.18.Civil Liability for Environmental Harm Caused by Oil Pollution -- |
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Contents note continued: 6.11.2.The Vienna IAEA Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, 1963 -- 6.11.3.The Brussels Convention Relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material, 1971 -- 6.11.4.The General Scheme -- 6.11.5.Claims under the Convention -- 6.12.Assessment of the Nuclear Conventions -- 6.13.Developments since Chernobyl -- 6.14.Nuclear Waste -- 6.15.EURATOM and the European Dimension -- 6.16.Nuclear Installations in the United Kingdom -- 6.16.1.Radioactive Waste -- 6.16.2.Transport of Radioactive Substances -- 6.17.Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations in the European Union -- 6.18.Decommissioning in the United Kingdom -- Endnotes -- SECTION III -- ch. 7 Energy Law in the United States -- 7.1.Federal Regulatory Bodies -- 7.2.Energy Regulation by the States -- 7.2.1.Interrelationship between Federal and State Policy and Regulations -- 7.3.Constitutional Principles and Regulatory Jurisdiction -- |
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Contents note continued: 7.4.Regulation for the Different Energy Sectors -- 7.5.State Regulation of Oil and Gas -- 7.5.1.Federal Regulation -- 7.5.2.Federal Public Land -- 7.6.Offshore Oil and Gas -- 7.7.Environmental Concerns -- 7.7.1.Areas for Concern -- 7.8.Case Studies -- 7.9.Case Study of the BP Oil Spill -- 7.10.Coal -- 7.10.1.A Regulatory Overview -- 7.10.2.Health and Safety in Mines -- 7.10.3.Land Reclamation -- 7.10.4.Issues of Clean Air -- 7.10.5.Clean Coal Initiatives -- 7.11.Regulation of the Electricity Sector -- 7.11.1.The Current Situation -- 7.12.Nuclear Power in the United States -- 7.12.1.Case Study of Three Mile Island Disaster -- 7.12.2.Reforms -- 7.13.Hydropower and Renewable Sources -- Endnotes -- ch. 8 Energy Law in the European Union -- 8.1.An Energy Policy for Europe -- 8.2.The Historical Development of European Energy Law -- 8.3.Scope of the ECSC Treaty -- 8.4.Inconsistencies between the Treaties -- 8.5.The Objectives of the ECSC Treaty -- |
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Contents note continued: 8.16.3.European Marine Sites -- 8.17.European Legislation Covering Industrial Activity in the Energy Sector -- 8.17.1.Hydrocarbon-Based Motor Fuels -- 8.17.2.The Storage and Distribution of Petrol -- 8.17.3.Emissions from Large Combustion Plants -- 8.18.Community Action: Energy Tax and Industry -- 8.19.Enforcing European Environmental Law -- 8.20.The Interrelationship between the Third Energy Package and the Climate Change Package -- 8.20.1.The Policy Context -- 8.21.The Third Energy Package -- 8.22.The EU Climate Change Package -- 8.22.1.The New EU ETS -- 8.22.2.The Greenhouse Gas Reduction Decision -- 8.22.3.The Renewable Energy Directive -- 8.22.4.The Carbon Capture and Storage Directive (CCS) -- 8.22.5.The Biofuels Directive -- 8.22.6.The Emissions Standards Regulation -- 8.23.Looking Forward under the European Climate Change Regime -- Endnotes -- ch. 9 Energy Law in the United Kingdom -- 9.1.Energy Policy -- 9.1.1.Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) -- |
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Contents note continued: 8.6.The European Atomic Energy Community Treaty -- 8.7.The European Energy Policy -- 8.7.1.European Energy Policy and the Internal Energy Market -- 8.8.Investment Planning -- 8.9.Non-Discrimination and the Licensing of Hydrocarbons -- 8.10.The Liberalising of the Electricity and Gas Markets -- 8.11.The European Energy Charter Treaty -- 8.12.Environmental Aspects -- 8.13.The Constitutional Basis of European Environmental Legislation -- 8.14.Types of European Environmental Legislation -- 8.15.Directives with Particular Relevance to the Energy Sector -- 8.15.1.The Environmental Assessment Directive -- 8.15.2.The Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and Direct Effect -- 8.15.3.Procedures for an Environmental Impact Assessment -- 8.15.4.Strategic Developments -- 8.15.5.The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC) -- 8.16.The Protection of Habitats and Species -- 8.16.1.The Habitats Directive -- 8.16.2.The UK Regulations -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.1.2.Introducing Mandatory Social Price Support -- 9.1.3.Fairness of Energy Markets -- 9.2.The Primary Energy Supply -- 9.3.Infrastructure -- 9.4.Energy Users -- 9.5.The Interrelationship between Environmental and Energy Policies -- 9.5.1.Carbon Dioxide Emissions -- 9.5.2.Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 9.5.3.Sulphur Emissions -- 9.5.4.Renewables -- 9.5.5.Combined Heat and Power -- 9.5.6.Localised Impacts -- 9.6.UK Regulatory Bodies -- 9.6.1.Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) -- 9.6.2.Department for Business -- 9.6.3.The Department for Business Innovation and Skills -- 9.6.4.The Department of Energy and Climate Change -- 9.6.5.Parliamentary Select Committees -- 9.6.6.The Environment Agency -- 9.6.6.1.Background -- 9.6.6.2.Functions of the Agency -- 9.6.6.3.National Standards and Targets and the Agency -- 9.6.6.4.Environmental Surveillance by the Agency -- 9.6.7.Local Authorities -- 9.6.7.1.Town and Country Planning -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.11.2.The Licensing Regime for the Gas Supply Industry -- 9.11.2.1.Types of Licence -- 9.11.2.2.The Network Code -- 9.11.3.The Competitive Market for Gas -- 9.11.3.1.Competition Policy -- 9.11.3.2.Oversupply and the Incentive for a Spot Market -- 9.12.Coal Industry -- 9.12.1.Historical Development -- 9.12.1.1.Ownership -- 9.12.2.Coal Production and the Environment -- 9.12.2.1.Acid Rain -- 9.12.2.2.Global Warming -- 9.12.2.3.Sustainable Development and Coal -- 9.12.3.From Public to Private Ownership -- 9.12.4.Liability for Subsidence -- 9.12.5.Protection of the Environment -- 9.12.6.Mining as an Act of Development -- 9.15.7.The Historic Environment -- 9.12.8.The Environmental Duty -- 9.12.8.1.Periodic Reviews -- 9.12.9.Abandoned Coal Mines -- 9.12.9.1.Liability for Pollution -- 9.12.9.2.Definitions -- 9.12.10.Contaminated Land -- 9.12.10.1.Designation -- 9.12.10.2.Liability -- 9.12.11.Contamination, Successors in Title, and Statutory Successors -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.12.11.1.Excluded Activities and Lenders' Liability -- 9.12.11.2.Orphan Sites -- 9.13.Electricity Supply Industry -- 9.13.1.The Structure of the Industry -- 9.13.1.1.The Participants -- 9.13.2.The Market Structure -- 9.13.2.1.England and Wales -- 9.13.2.2.Scotland -- 9.13.2.3.Northern Ireland -- 9.13.2.4.The Interconnectors -- 9.13.2.5.Generation -- 9.13.2.6.Transmission -- 9.13.2.7.Distribution -- 9.13.3.Regulation of the Industry -- 9.13.3.1.The Statutory Structure -- 9.13.4.Regulatory Bodies for the Electricity Supply Industry -- 9.13.4.1.The Secretary of State -- 9.13.4.2.The Secretary of State and the Director -- 9.13.4.3.General Duties of the Secretary of State and the Director -- 9.13.5.The Licensing Regime -- 9.13.5.1.The Grant of Licences -- 9.13.5.2.The Licence -- 9.13.5.3.The Generation Licence -- 9.13.5.4.The Transmission Licence -- 9.13.5.5.Public Electricity Supply Licences -- 9.13.5.6.Second-Tier Supply Licences -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.13.5.7.Exemptions from Licensing -- 9.13.5.8.Modification and Enforcement -- 9.13.5.9.Revocation of a Licence -- 9.13.6.The Powers and Duties of PESs -- 9.13.7.Possible Distortions of the Market -- 9.13.7.1.The Sale of Electricity to Consumers -- 9.13.7.2.The Protection of Consumers -- 9.13.8.The Electricity Market Reform White Paper -- 9.13.9.Implementing the European Union's Third Energy Package -- 9.13.10.Consumer Protection -- 9.13.11.OFGEM's Role as the NRA for Great Britain -- 9.13.12.Transmission and Distribution Networks -- 9.13.13.Gas Infrastructure -- 9.13.14.Licence-Exempt Undertakings and Access to Private Networks -- 9.13.15.Next Steps -- Endnotes -- ch. 10 Energy Law in Norway -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Government in Norway -- 10.3.The Industry Structure of Electricity Supply in Norway -- 10.3.1.Electricity Trading -- 10.3.2.The Third-Party Access Regime -- 10.3.3.Market Entry for Supply and Generation -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.6.7.2.Air Pollution -- 9.6.7.3.Contaminated Land -- 9.6.7.4.Noise Control -- 9.6.8.The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) -- 9.6.9.The Coal Authority -- 9.6.9.1.Functions and Duties -- 9.6.10.The Office of the Gas and Electricity Markets (OFGEM) -- 9.7.Regulations for the Different Energy Sectors -- 9.7.1.Oil and Gas -- 9.7.1.1.General Regulatory Framework -- 9.7.1.2.Ownership of Petroleum -- 9.7.1.3.The Legal Basis of Licensing -- 9.7.1.4.Application of Criminal Law to the UK Continental Shelf -- 9.7.1.5.Application of the Civil Law to the UK Continental Shelf -- 9.7.1.6.Licences -- 9.7.2.The EC Hydrocarbons Directive -- 9.7.3.Types of Licence -- 9.7.4.Government Policy on Minerals -- 9.7.5.Pollution Control -- 9.7.5.1.The IPPC Directive and Offshore Installations -- 9.7.5.2.The Environmental Assessment Directive -- 9.7.5.3.Decommissioning -- 9.7.5.4.The Brent Spar Case Study -- 9.8.Decommissioning and Disposal -- |
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Contents note continued: 9.8.1.The OSPAR Commission -- 9.8.2.Disposal on Land -- 9.8.3.Post-Decommissioning Surveys and Monitoring -- 9.8.4.Residual Liability -- 9.9.Onshore Oil and Gas -- 9.9.1.The Licensing System -- 9.9.1.1.Coal-Bed Methane Gas (CBM) -- 9.9.2.Planning Controls -- 9.9.2.1.The Planning System -- 9.9.2.2.Planning Conditions -- 9.9.2.3.Planning Agreements and Obligations -- 9.9.2.4.Appeals -- 9.9.2.5.The Scope of Public Involvement -- 9.9.2.6.Access to Environmental Information -- 9.9.2.7.The European Directive -- 9.9.2.8.The Environmental Information Regulations, 1992 -- 9.9.2.9.Environmental Protest -- 9.9.3.Vulnerable Sites -- 9.9.3.1.Protection for Designated Sites -- 9.9.3.2.The Coastal Zone -- 9.9.3.3.Landward-Marine Areas -- 9.10.Environmental Management Systems -- 9.11.The Gas Supply Industry -- 9.11.1.Regulation of the Gas Supply Industry -- 9.11.1.1.Duties -- 9.11.1.2.The Duty to Secure Competition -- |
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Machine generated contents note: SECTION I -- ch. 1 Introduction to International Law -- 1.1.International Law -- 1.2.The Resources of the Deep Seabed -- 1.3.Petroleum Deposits on the Continental Shelf -- 1.4.Energy Activities under International Law -- 1.4.1.The Impact of Privatisation -- 1.5.The Influence of Science on Environmental Regulation in the Energy Sector -- 1.5.1.Definition of Pollution -- 1.5.2.Setting Environmental Standards -- 1.5.3.Scientific Assessment -- 1.5.4.The Technical Options -- 1.5.5.Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Cost (BATNEEC) -- 1.5.6.Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) -- 1.5.7.Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Life Cycle Assessment -- 1.6.International Policy and Regulatory Bodies -- 1.7.Energy Activities within the United Nations -- 1.7.1.The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) -- 1.7.2.The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) -- 1.8.The International Scope of Standard Setting -- |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 349-357) and index |
| Subject |
Energy industries -- Law and legislation.
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Environmental law.
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Power resources -- Law and legislation.
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| LC no. |
2012031893 |
| ISBN |
1439870969 (hbk. : alk. paper) |
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9781439870969 (hbk. : alk. paper) |
