Title Friendly fire : the accidental shootdown of U.S. Black Hawks over Northern Iraq / Scott A. Snook

Published Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, ©2000

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Description 1 online resource (xvii, 257 pages) : illustrations, maps Contents Cover; Half title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; List of Figures; Preface; Acknowledgments; List of Abbreviations; 1. Introduction: How In the World Could This Happen?; Motivation: To Learn from and Correct Our Mistakes; Theoretical Domain: A Normal Accident in a Highly Reliable Organization; Data: We Know Exactly "What" Happened; Analytical Strategy: Constructing a Causal Map; Outline of the Book: An Explanation Across Levels; 2. The Shootdown: A Thin Description; Background: Context Is Important; Command and Control: Dense Webs of Crosscutting Guidance The Players: SAVVY, COUGAR, MAD DOG, DUKE, EAGLEs, and TIGERsThe Shootdown: A Deadly Dance; Multiple Explanations: A Walk Through the Causal Map; 3. Individual-Level Account: Why Did the F-15 Pilots Misidentify the Black Hawks?; Making Sense: Seeing Through the Mind's Eye; Ambiguous Stimulus: What Did They Actually See?; Expectations: What Did They Expect to See?; Desire: What Did They Want to See?; Summary: Why They Saw What They Saw; 4. Group-Level Account: Why Did the AWACS Crew Fail to Intervene?; A Weak Team: Overmatched; Diffuse Responsibility: When Everyone's Responsible No One Is Implications: Let's Build a Library1. Method; Appendixes; 2. Friendly Fire Applied: Lessons for Your Organization?; References; Index Summary "On April 14, 1994, two U.S. Air Force F-15 fighters accidentally shot down two U.S. Army Black Hawk Helicopters over Northern Iraq, killing all twenty-six peacekeepers onboard. This book attempts to make sense of this tragedy - a tragedy that on its surface makes no sense at all." "With almost twenty years in uniform and a Ph. D. in organizational behavior, Lieutenant Colonel Snook writes from a unique perspective. A victim of friendly fire himself, he develops individual, group, organizational, and cross-level accounts of the accident and applies a rigorous analysis based on behavioral science theory to account for critical links in the causal chain of events. By explaining separate pieces of the puzzle, and analyzing each at a different level, the author removes much of the mystery surrounding the shootdown. Based on a grounded theory analysis, Snook offers a dynamic, cross-level mechanism he calls "practical drift"--The slow, steady uncoupling of practice from written procedure - to complete his explanation."--Jacket Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 241-249) and indexes Notes English Print version record Subject United States. Air Force -- Management -- Case studies SUBJECT United States. Air Force fast Subject Black Hawk Friendly Fire Incident, Iraq, 1994. Aerial reconnaissance, American -- Iraq Black Hawk (Military transport helicopter) -- Accidents -- Investigation Friendly fire (Military science) -- Iraq. Organizational behavior -- Case studies Leadership -- Case studies HISTORY -- Military -- Strategy. SOCIAL SCIENCE -- Sociology -- General. Aerial reconnaissance, American Armed Forces -- Management Friendly fire (Military science) Leadership Organizational behavior Unfall Luftaufklärung Comportement organisationnel -- Cas, Études de. Leadership -- Cas, Études de. Hélicoptères militaires -- Accidents -- Irak. Iraq Irak USA Genre/Form Case studies Form Electronic book LC no. 99041097 ISBN 9781400840977 140084097X 128325607X 9781283256070 9786613256072 6613256072

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