Lack of clarity and continuity in IO doctrine creates confusion and reduces effectiveness -- Measures of effectiveness are necessary to validate the impact of IO -- Conclusion
Summary
"In an update to a 2012 RAND report on information operations (IO) in Afghanistan, this Perspective describes the continuing challenges of IO doctrine integration and harmonization and the establishment of measures of effectiveness for IO within the Department of Defense. Despite recommendations made in the 2012 report, little progress has been made in these areas, which will have an even greater negative impact as the United States reduces the number of troops in theater and as resources to combat the enemy's propaganda offense remain limited"--Publisher's web site
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (page 4)
Notes
Description based on online resource; title from PDF caption (RAND, viewed December 22, 2015)