| Description |
1 online resource (382 pages) |
| Contents |
Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- PART I. HISTORY -- CHAPTER 1. Discovering Hawaiian's Family Tree -- The Malayo-Polynesian Language Family: An Idea Is Born -- Le Maire and Schouten -- Making the Connection -- At Home in Fiji: A "Transition Zone"? -- Recreating the Past: Voyages of Rediscovery -- Reaching Farther West -- Verbatim -- Selections from "Essay at a Lexicon of the Polynesian Language" (Hale 1846:291) -- CHAPTER 2. Polynesian Languages -- Dialects or Languages? -- Which Languages Are Hawaiian's Closest Relatives? |
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Methods for Determining Polynesian Relationships -- Time of Separation -- The Marquesan Connection -- More Recent Research: Moving the Dates Closer to the Present -- How Many Times Was Hawai'i Settled? -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 3. How Does Hawaiian Differ from Other Polynesian Languages? -- Sounds -- Words -- Verbatim -- PART II. THE ALPHABET -- CHAPTER 4. Prelude to the Alphabet -- First Attempts at Writing -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 5. Dr. William Anderson: Forgotten Philologist -- Anderson at Waimea -- Anderson's Alphabet -- Anderson's Death -- Retracing Anderson's Footsteps -- Verbatim |
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An Alternate View -- CHAPTER 6. 3s and 8s: The Unusual Alphabet of 'Ōpūkaha'ia and Ruggles -- From Ka'ū to Connecticut -- Final Journey -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 7. How the Alphabet Changed from 1820 to 1826 -- 1820-1824 -- 1822 -- 1824-1826 -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 8. Missing Pieces: The Kahakō and the 'Okina -- Long Vowels -- Short Vowels: ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ -- The 'Okina -- Vowel Length, the 'Okina, and Merriam-Webster's Treatment of Hawaiian Borrowings in English -- Verbatim -- PART III. THE EFFECTS OF WRITING -- CHAPTER 9. Ka Palapala -- The Printed Word? -- A Closer Look at The Alphabet |
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Later Editions of The Alphabet? -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 10. How Literacy Spread -- What Happened after the First Printing -- Materials -- Newspapers -- Literacy: Success or Failure? -- A Final Word: Speech vs. Writing? -- Verbatim -- PART IV. WORDS AND WORD BOOKS -- CHAPTER 11. Words: Introduction -- What's a "Word"? -- How to Study Words -- Where Did the Most Common Hawaiian Words Come From? -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 12. Making New Words -- Totally New Forms -- Expanding the Meaning of Existing Words -- Modifying the Form of Existing Words -- Word Building -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 13. Borrowing |
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The Earliest Borrowings -- Loanwords from Andrews's 1865 Hawaiian-English Dictionary -- Sound Patterns -- Can We Predict What a Loanword Will Sound Like? -- Borrowed Words and Affixes -- Loanwords as Generalizers? -- Borrowing in the Other Direction: Hawaiian as a Word Donor -- Verbatim -- PART V. CHANGES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE -- CHAPTER 14. How Is Hawaiian Changing? -- Pronunciation -- Spelling -- Vocabulary -- Grammar -- Verbatim -- CHAPTER 15. Expanding Bilingual Dictionaries -- Basic Pedagogical Materials -- The Computer and the Combined Hawaiian Dictionary -- Internet Translation |
| Summary |
With color and black-and-white illustrations throughout, Hawaiian Language: Past, Present, Future presents aspects of Hawaiian and its history that are rarely treated in language classes. The major characters in this book make up a diverse cast: Dutch merchants, Captain Cook's naturalist and philologist William Anderson, 'Ōpūkaha'ia (the inspiration for the Hawaiian Mission), the American lexicographer Noah Webster, philologists in New England, missionary-linguists and their Hawaiian consultants, and many minor players. The account begins in prehistory, placing the probable origins of the ancestor of Polynesian languages in mainland Asia. An evolving family tree reflects the linguistic changes that took place as these people moved east. The current versions are examined from a Hawaiian-centered point of view, comparing the sound system of the language with those of its major relatives in the Polynesian triangle. More recent historical topics begin with the first written samples of a Polynesian language in 1616, which led to the birth of the idea of a widespread language family. The next topic is how the Hawaiian alphabet was developed. The first efforts suffered from having too many letters, a problem that was solved in 1826 through brilliant reasoning by its framers and their Hawaiian consultants. The opposite problem was that the alphabet didn't have enough letters: analysts either couldn't hear or misinterpreted the glottal stop and long vowels. The end product of the development of the alphabet--literacy--is more complicated than some statistics would have us believe. As for its success or failure, both points of view, from contemporary observers, are presented. Still, it cannot be denied that literacy had a tremendous and lasting effect on Hawaiian culture. The last part of the book concentrates on the most-used Hawaiian reference works--dictionaries. It describes current projects that combine print and manuscript collections on a searchable website. These projects can include the growing body of manuscript and print material that is being made available through recent and ongoing research. As for the future, a proposed monolingual dictionary would allow users to avoid an English bridge to understanding, and move directly to a definition that includes Hawaiian cultural features and a Hawaiian worldview |
| Notes |
The Untranslatables: Defining in a Bilingual Dictionary |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages [329]-348) and index |
| Notes |
In English |
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Online resource, title from digital title page (viewed on February 19, 2021) |
| Subject |
Hawaiian language -- History
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Hawaiian language -- Vocabulary
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Hawaiian language -- Alphabet
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FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY -- Oceanic & Australian Languages.
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Hawaiian language
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Hawaiian language -- Vocabulary
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| Genre/Form |
History
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9780824880460 |
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0824880463 |
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0824880455 |
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9780824880453 |
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