1. Appearance matters : the history of appearance research -- 2. The challenges facing researchers in the area -- 3. Appearance and image issues for those without visible differences -- 4. Psychological difficulties associated with visible difference -- 5. Psychological predictors of vulnerability and resilience -- 6. Current provision of support and intervention for appearance-related concerns -- 7. The potential for more effective support and intervention -- 8. Conclusions, dilemmas and the challenges still ahead