EMDI -- Pt. A. Ecological concerns and principles. Ch. 1. Introduction. Ch. 2. Ecological issues -- Pt. B. Ecological components. Ch. 3. Physical conditions. Ch. 4. Flora and vegetation. Ch. 5. Fauna. Ch. 6. Human Background -- Pt. C. Ecosystems. Ch. 7. Coastal Ecosystems. Ch. 8. Mangrove forest. Ch. 9. Lakes and rivers. Ch. 10. Lowland forests. Ch. 11. Mountains. Ch. 12. Caves. Ch. 13. Rice and maize. Ch. 14. Plantation forestry, agroforestry, and estates. Ch. 15. Aquaculture. Ch. 16. Urban areas -- Pt. D. Conservation. Ch. 17. Human attitudes. Ch. 18. Biogeography and the loss of biological diversity. Ch. 19. State of conservation. Ch. 20. Major existing and potential conservation areas and their problems -- Pt. E. Finding a path for the future. Ch. 21. Environmental ethics. Ch. 22. Challenges. App. 1. Key to plant family abbreviations -- App. 2. Selected vegetation studies and surveys -- App. 3. Sites of selected bird surveys and observations on Java and Bali -- App. 4. Selected coral studies and surveys -- App. 5. Selected mangrove studies and surveys