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Book Cover
E-book

Title Decontamination in hospitals and healthcare / edited by J.T. Walker
Published Oxford : Woodhead Publishing, 2014

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Description 1 online resource (xxvi, 678 pages) : illustrations
Series Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials ; 62
Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials ; 62.
Contents Machine generated contents note: pt. I Fundamentals of decontamination in hospitals and healthcare -- 1. The importance of decontamination in hospitals and healthcare / J.T. Walker -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Microbial resistance and infection control -- 1.3. Current water system contamination issues -- 1.4. The impact of prion discovery on sterilisation techniques -- 1.5. Conclusion -- 1.6. References -- 2. The history of decontamination in hospitals / G.L. Ridgway -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) -- 2.3. Key figures in decontamination control -- 2.4. Heat for sterilisation and disinfection -- 2.5. Chemical disinfectants -- 2.6. Testing disinfectant activity -- 2.7. European Medical Devices Directives -- 2.8. Incidents of contamination as a result of human error -- 2.9. Conclusion -- 2.10. Acknowledgements -- 2.11. References and further reading -- 3. The role of standards in decontamination / R. Bancroft -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Relationship of standards to law and guidance -- 3.3. Key aims and principles of standards -- 3.4. Types of standard -- 3.5. Vienna Agreement -- 3.6. European standards -- 3.7. International standards -- 3.8. How standards are drafted -- 3.9. How to read and understand a standard -- 3.10. Accessing the most relevant standards and guidance documents -- 3.11. Conclusion and future trends -- 3.12. Sources of further information and advice -- 3.13. References -- 3.14. Appendix: standards in decontamination -- 4. Infection control in Europe / S. Brusaferro -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Data available in Europe -- 4.3. Standards for structures and organizations -- 4.4. Training of personnel -- 4.5. Conclusion and future trends -- 4.6. Acknowledgements -- 4.7. References -- 4.8. Appendix: abbreviations -- 5. Future trends in decontamination in hospitals and healthcare / J.T. Walker -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Decontamination in water systems -- 5.3. Use of biocides -- 5.4. Control of microorganisms in the built environment -- 5.5. Hand hygiene -- 5.6. Hand contact sites and environmental cleaning -- 5.7. Manual cleaning -- 5.8. Automated decontamination systems -- 5.9. Decontamination of prions -- 5.10. References -- pt. II Decontamination practices in hospitals and healthcare -- 6. Decontamination in primary care: dental and hospital perspectives / A. Smith -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Historic background of dental surgery -- 6.3. Potential evidence of infections associated with dentistry -- 6.4. The role of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in raising standards -- 6.5. Challenges associated with dental instrument decontamination -- 6.6. Instrument decontamination processes for dental surgery -- 6.7. Centralization of dental instrument reprocessing -- 6.8. Quality management systems (QMS) -- 6.9. Future trends -- 6.10. Conclusion -- 6.11. Sources of further information and advice -- 6.12. References -- 7. The role of the nurse in decontamination / R. Gallagher -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Regulatory standards and decontamination -- 7.3. Key principles -- 7.4. Challenges associated with nursing and contamination -- 7.5. Provision of cleaning services -- 7.6. Management of cleaning services -- 7.7. Decontamination of patient equipment -- 7.8. Conclusion -- 7.9. Sources of further information and advice -- 7.10. References -- 8. Minimising microbial contamination in dental unit water systems and microbial control in dental hospitals / M.A. Boyle -- 8.1. Historical development of the dental chair unit -- 8.2. Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) -- 8.3. Microorganisms identified in DUWL output water -- 8.4. Evidence to date for infection or disease linked to DUWL biofilm -- 8.5.A microbiological quality standard for DUWL output water -- 8.6. Management of biofilm contamination of DUWLs -- 8.7. Decontamination of DUWLs in dental hospitals -- 8.8. Management of bacterial contamination of washbasin taps and output water in the dental hospital setting -- 8.9. Outlook for the future -- 8.10. References -- 9. Control of waterborne microorganisms and reducing the threat from Legionella and Pseudomonas / M.C. Kelsey -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Legionnaires disease -- 9.3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- 9.4. The control of Legionella and Pseudomonas in water distribution systems -- 9.5. Conclusion -- 9.6. References -- 10. The role of continuous microbial debulking in the hospital environment and its effect on reducing hospital-acquired infections (HAI) / Ralph H. Johnson -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Microbes: a clear and present danger common to the built hospital environment -- 10.3. Alterations to the hospital environment and behavior mitigate risk -- 10.4. Risk mitigation: impact of the application of continuously active no-touch solution -- 10.5. Microbial debulking of the environment mitigates hospital-acquired infection (HAI) risk -- 10.6. Conclusions -- 10.7. References -- 11. Provision and control of water for healthcare purposes / G. Walker -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Water quality and water systems in the healthcare environment -- 11.3. Water treatment and water purification technology -- 11.4. Water quality monitoring -- 11.5. Specialist departments and their unique requirements for water quality control -- 11.6. Water Safety Group: an integrated or multi-modal approach -- 11.7. Sustainability and conservation in healthcare water management -- 11.8. Conclusion and future trends' -- 11.9. References and further reading -- 12. Use of gaseous decontamination technologies for wards and isolation rooms in hospitals and healthcare settings / J.T. Walker -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Challenges and considerations for gaseous decontamination in a healthcare setting -- 12.3. Validation methods to determine efficacy -- 12.4. Practical use of gaseous decontamination in hospitals -- 12.5. Conclusion and future trends -- 12.6. Sources of further information and advice -- 12.7. References -- 13. Biocides and decontamination agents including sporicides for decontamination in hospitals / P.J. Collier -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Currently available biocides and sporicides for use in healthcare and their limitations -- 13.3. Testing standards for actives and sporicides -- 13.4. Incidence of resistance and risk to the hospital patient -- 13.5. Strengths/weaknesses of different disinfectants for a range of microorganisms -- 13.6. Future trends -- 13.7. Sources of further information and advice -- 13.8. References -- 14. Decontamination of prions / G. McDonnell -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Prion diseases: transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) -- 14.3. What are prions? -- 14.4. Clinical transmission risks -- 14.5. Decontamination investigations -- 14.6. Future perspectives -- 14.7. References -- 15. Cleaning and decontamination of the healthcare environment / S.J. Dancer -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Pathogen survival time in the hospital environment -- 15.3. Identifying the main reservoirs of microorganisms -- 15.4. Transmission of contaminants by hands during healthcare -- 15.5. The role of cleaning in reducing the infection risk for patients -- 15.6. Contaminated cleaning equipment and fluids -- 15.7. Assessment of environmental cleanliness -- 15.8. Current and future trends -- 15.9. Conclusion -- 15.10. References -- 16. The role of protective clothing in healthcare and its decontamination / J.T. Williams -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Disposable clothing -- 16.3. Reusable clothing -- 16.4. Microbiology -- 16.5. Cleansing and disposal -- 16.6. Conclusions and future trends -- 16.7. References -- 17.A guide to no-touch automated room disinfection (NTD) systems / T.M
Perl -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Reasons to consider a no-touch automated room disinfection (NTD) system -- 17.3. What level of surface contamination is a risk for transmission? -- 17.4. Limitations of conventional cleaning and disinfection -- 17.5. Overview of NTD systems -- 17.6. When to consider an NTD system -- 17.7. Using, validating and regulating NTD systems -- 17.8. Sources of further information and advice -- 17.9. Conclusion -- 17.10. References -- 18. New technologies to control the presence of microorganisms in hospitals / G. Moore -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Designing out hospital infection -- 18.3. Modifications to ward layout and design -- 18.4. Modifications to the bed space -- 18.5. Modifications to specific surfaces/patient care items -- 18.6. Conclusion and future trends -- 18.7. Sources of further information and advice -- 18.8. References -- 19. Testing strategies and international standards for disinfectants / C. Woodall -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.2. How today's modern efficacy methods differ from those used historically -- 19.3. The use of disinfectants and the role efficacy testing has to play in their selection -- 19.4. The use of international standards in practice -- 19.5. Conclusion -- 19.6. References -- pt. III Decontamination of surgical instruments and endoscopes -- 20. An overview of current decontamination practices of surgical instruments and medical devices / S. Holmes -- 20.1. Introduction -- 20.2. Purpose of decontamination practice of surgical instruments in central decontamination units (CDUs) -- 20.3. Current regulations, standards and guidance -- 20.4. Risk minimization strategy -- 20.5. Decontamination process -- 20.6. Activities impacting on the decontamination process and the quality of sterile instruments -- 20.7. Future trends -- 20.8. Acknowledgement -- 20.9. References -- 21. An overview of the Choice Framework for local Policy and Procedures (CFPP) for decontamination of surgical instruments / H. Elliott -- 21.1. Introduction -- 21.2. Essential quality requirements (EQR) and best practice (BP) -- 21.3. Application of EQR in surgical instrument and endoscope decontamination -- 21.4. Choice Framework for local Policy and Procedures (CFPP) access -- 21.5.Comparing CFPP with the established Health Technical Memorandum (HTM) model -- 21.6. Conclusions and future trends -- 21.7. Sources of further information and advice -- 21.8. Acknowledgements -- 21.9. References and further reading
Note continued: 22. An overview of new technologies for the decontamination of surgical instruments and the quantification of protein residues: low-pressure radiofrequency (RF) gas-plasma decontamination and epifluorescence scanning (EFSCAN) detection / R.L. Baxter -- 22.1. Introduction -- 22.2. Radiofrequency (RF) gas-plasma removal of prion infectivity -- 22.3. Potential future processes for prion removal -- 22.4. RF gas-plasma inactivation of bacterial contamination -- 22.5. An example of instrument decontamination using low-pressure gas-plasma -- 22.6. Monitoring decontamination -- 22.7. Epifluorescence scanning (EFSCAN) -- 22.8. EFSCAN contamination monitoring for RF gas-plasma treated instruments -- 22.9. Conclusion -- 22.10. Acknowledgements -- 22.11. References -- 23. Efficacy of current and novel cleaning technologies (ProReveal) for assessing protein contamination on surgical instruments / N.K. Nayuni -- 23.1. Introduction -- 23.2. General principles of protein detection -- 23.3. Current general methods of protein detection (ninhydrin, Biuret, dyes): sensitivity, specificity and validation -- 23.4. Methods of protein detection based on fluorescence -- 23.5. Other possible technologies -- 23.6. Strengths and weaknesses of new technologies -- 23.7. Conclusion -- 23.8. References -- 24. Decontamination of flexible endoscopes / S.J. Line -- 24.1. Introduction -- 24.2. Risk assessment -- 24.3. Flexible endoscope decontamination -- 24.4. Decontamination process -- 24.5. Assessing and selecting endoscope washer-disinfector (EWD) systems -- 24.6. Water treatment and potential machine contamination issues -- 24.7. Endoscopy accessories -- 24.8. Tracking and traceability -- 24.9. Recontamination risks and preventative storage of endoscopes -- 24.10. Testing for rinse water contamination -- 24.11. Decontamination facilities -- 24.12. Reasons for decontamination failure -- 24.13. Conclusion -- 24.14. References -- 25. Sterilisation of flexible endoscopes / T. Young -- 25.1. Introduction: key principles of sterilising flexible endoscopes -- 25.2. Why sterilise flexible endoscopes? -- 25.3. Problems associated with sterilisation of flexible endoscopes -- 25.4. Methods used in the sterilisation of endoscopes -- 25.5. Testing effectiveness and application of standards -- 25.6. Example of an ̀€in use' application -- 25.7. Future trends -- 25.8. Sources of further information and advice -- 25.9. References
Summary Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare brings an understanding of decontamination practices and the development of technologies for cleaning and control of infection to a wide audience interested in public health, including healthcare specialists, scientists, students or patients. Part one highlights the importance and history of decontamination in hospitals and healthcare before exploring the role of standards in decontamination, infection control in Europe, and future trends in the area. Part two focuses on decontamination practices in hospitals and healthcare. It considers the role of the nurse in decontamination, the issues of microbial biofilm in waterlines, control of waterborne microorganisms, and the use of gaseous decontamination technologies. Further chapters explore decontamination of prions, the use of protective clothing, no-touch automated room disinfection systems, and controlling the presence of microorganisms in hospitals. Part three discusses practices for decontamination and sterilization of surgical instruments and endoscopes. These chapters examine a range of guidance documents, including the choice framework for local policy and procedures for decontamination of surgical instruments, as well as novel technologies for cleaning and detection of contamination. Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare provides a reference source on decontamination for public health professionals and students concerned with healthcare. It is particularly useful for scientists in microbiology and disinfection/decontamination laboratories, healthcare workers who use disinfectants, students in microbiology, clinicians, members of the Institute of Decontamination Sciences/Central Sterilising Club, and those employed in the Central Sterile Services departments of healthcare facilities. Discusses decontamination processes in EuropeProvides an in-depth understanding into decontamination in healthcare settings, specifically hospitals and dental practicesExamines the decontamination of surgical equipment and endoscopes
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes Print version record
Subject Health facilities -- Disinfection.
Surgical instruments and apparatus -- Sterilization.
Infection Control -- methods
Decontamination -- methods
Cross Infection -- prevention & control
MEDICAL -- Forensic Medicine.
MEDICAL -- Preventive Medicine.
MEDICAL -- Public Health.
Health facilities -- Disinfection
Surgical instruments and apparatus -- Sterilization
Form Electronic book
Author Walker, James (James T.), editor.
ISBN 9780857096692
0857096699