Title Islam and the making of the nation : Kartosuwiryo and political Islam in twentieth-century Indonesia / Chiara Formichi

Published Leiden : KITLV Press, 2012

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Description 1 online resource (xvii, 244 pages) : map Series Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1572-1892 ; 282 Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde ; 282. Contents Preface: new perspectives on political Islam in twentieth-century Indonesia -- Scholarly approaches to Islam and politics -- Kartosuwiryo's motives -- About this book -- Structure of the book -- A note on the sources -- 1. Planting the seeds: java, the nationalist movement and Kartosuwiryo in the 1920s -- From desa to kota: a nationalist leader in the making -- Colonial perspectives -- Surabaya -- Batavia -- Back to the desa: building local networks -- West Java -- Malangbong -- Islam, authority and leadership in the Priangan -- Developing an Islamic nationalist ideology -- Concluding remarks -- 2. Political Islam in changing times: sarekat Islam and masyumi under the Dutch and Japanese occupations (1930-1945) -- Kartosuwiryo: a rising star? Redefining Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia's priorities -- Pan-Islamism and non-cooperation -- The Islamic movement and secular nationalism -- The consequences of non-cooperation -- The Brosoer sikap hidjrah PSII and Daftar oesaha hidjrah -- Reflecting on the 'Middle East' factor -- Kartosuwiryo's weakening support and withdrawal from politics -- New regime, new approach: Dai Nippon and Islamic politics -- The rise of secular nationalism -- Concluding remarks -- 3. Religious resistance and secular politics: laying the foundations of the Indonesian state (1945-1947) -- Shifting centres of power: Tokyo, Jakarta, London, The Hague -- Masyumi's Islamization of the ideological struggle -- Kartosuwiryo's Haloean politik Islam -- Troop polarization in West Java -- Seeking a structure -- The Linggadjati agreement and the Dutch invasion -- Consequences for West Java -- The Limbangan incident West Java on the eve of the Renville agreement -- Ideological radicalization: calling for holy war -- Kartosuwiryo's Perang sabil -- Kartosuwiryo's 'holy war' -- Government reception of Masyumi's and Kartosuwiryo's -- calls for a jihad -- Concluding remarks -- 4. Building the Islamic state: from ideal to reality (1947-1949) -- Groundwork (November 1947-May 1948) -- Imagining the Islamic state -- Laying the foundations of the Islamic state -- Early reactions -- Initial expansion -- A step closer to establishing the Islamic state (May-December 1948) -- Institutional and territorial consolidation -- Structuring the Islamic state -- Reaching out: promoting the common goal -- Growing apart (December 1948-August 1949) -- Tentara Islam Indonesia and the Siliwangi in West Java: an uneasy cohabitation -- ... and an easy divorce Opposing reactions: clashing military and political interests -- Declaring an Islamic state in 'occupied' West Java -- The proclamation of the Negara Islam Indonesia -- The NII's criminal code -- The NII's Islamic martial law -- Initial attempts to reconciliation (August-October 1949) -- Concluding remarks -- 5. The 'War of the Roses': the Islamic state and the Pancasila Republic (1949-1962) -- Shifting approaches: between negotiation and condemnation (1949-1954) -- The 'Commission for the solution to the Darul Islam problem' -- 'Silently resorting to great military force' -- The duty to restore peace -- The unitary state: 'a modern form of colonialism' -- A new round of negotiations -- Soekiman's 'more resolute way' -- Soekarno's Pancasila national state and its opponents -- 'Final operations' against the enemies of the state -- The demise of Masyumi and Darul Islam (1955-1962) -- Political defeat Darul Islam and the regional rebellions -- Operation 'annihilate' -- Concluding remarks -- 6. From rebellion to martyrdom? -- Speculations and the rhetoric of betrayal (1948-1950) -- Darul Islam and Communism -- The DI: a scheme of '(D)utch (I)nfiltration' -- Missing ideological reactions to Kartosuwiryo's NII -- Building the image of a 'sterile rebel' -- Condemnation: mysticism, violence and defeat -- Reconciliation: keep your friends close, but your enemies closer -- Glorification -- Kartosuwiryo and contemporary visions of Islamic law in Indonesia -- Comparing the codes: crimes and punishments -- Beyond condemnation and glorification -- Concluding remarks -- conclusion: the development of political Islam and the making of the Indonesian state -- Appendix: Articles and pamphlets authored by S.M. Kartosuwiryo Summary For decades, scholars of Indonesia have rejected the religious claims of the Darul Islam movement, interpreting the antagonism between the Islamic state and Soekarno's republic as a fight for power, self-assertion, or land rights. Recently Kartosuwiryo and the Darul Islam have become heroic symbols of the local Islamist struggle, offering an alternative vision of this politician. The author looks beyond this dichotomy between rebel and martyr to unveil a 'third' dimension of Kartosuwiryo - a politician whose legacy has been shaping the role of Islam in Indonesian politics for over fifty years. In a blend of archival sources, printed material, and oral accounts, the author follows the career and ideology of Kartosuwiryo, nationalist leader of the Sarekat Islam party and later Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia. Following the trajectory of a political activism that was consistently dedicated to the formation of an independent Indonesian state, the chapters delineate the gradual radicalization of the Islamic party and of Kartosuwiryo's own ideals from the 1920s until the 1950s. Focusing on the dialectic between the religious and secular anti-colonial movements, this book explores the failure of political Islam in the mid-1950s; the consolidation of the Pancasila state under Soekarno's and Suharto's regimes; the latter's attempt to co-opt what was left of the Darul Islam in the 1970s; and the re-emergence of political Islam and Kartosuwiryo's memory in the post-1998 era. A testament to the relevance of historical enquiry in understanding contemporary politics, Islam and the making of the nation guides the reader through the contingencies of the past that have led to the transformation of a nationalist leader into a 'separatist rebel' and a 'martyr', while at the same time shaping the public perception of political Islam and strengthening the position of the Pancasila in contemporary Indonesia Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 215-231) and index Subject Kartosuwirjo, Sekarmadji Maridjan, 1907-1962 SUBJECT Kartosuwirjo, Sekarmadji Maridjan, 1907-1962 fast Subject Islam and politics -- Indonesia -- 20th century Islam and politics Religion SUBJECT Indonesia -- Religion -- 20th century Subject Indonesia Form Electronic book ISBN 9789004260467 9004260463

Other Titles Kartosuwiryo and political Islam in twentieth-century Indonesia Kartosuwiryo and political Islam in 20th-century Indonesia

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