In Canada, medical cannabis has been federally legal and regulated since 2001. However, prescription of the drug has been controversial due to the lack of clinical trials of cannabis treatments. On October 17, 2018, adult use (recreational) of cannabis became legal, creating an additional level of controversy because anyone over the legal drinking age in each province would be able to access cannabis. In this case, readers will become familiar with the associated controversies and consider the arguments for and against the legalization of cannabis to help them make informed recommendations to policymakers