| Description |
1 online resource (xxvii, 84 pages) : illustrations |
| Series |
Directions in development. Infrastructure |
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Directions in development (Washington, D.C.). Infrastructure.
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| Contents |
Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The State of Employment and Infrastructure and Future Needs -- Chapter 3. Short-Run Employment Effects of Infrastructure Investment -- Chapter 4. Long-Term Employment Effects through the Growth Channel -- Chapter 5. Policy Implications |
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Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Overview; Figures; O.1 Infrastructure Needs and Financing; O.2 Cost of a Direct Job in Roads and Bridge Construction Relative to Other Sectors in 2009; Tables; O.1 Infrastructure-Related Short-Term Job Creation; O.3 Shares of Unemployed by Education Level in Selected MENA Economies; Chapter 1 Introduction; Background Information; 1.1 Public Gross Fixed Capital Formation; 1.2 Sectors' Contribution to Annual Employment Growth in the 2000s; Scope and Structure of the Study; 1.3 Fiscal Space Indicators |
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Definitions and Key Concepts1.1 MENA Classification; References; Chapter 2 The State of Employment and Infrastructure and Future Needs; Employment Challenges; 2.1 Employment and the Size of the Labor Force in MENA; Infrastructure Endowments and Future Needs; 2.1 Labor Force Levels in MENA, 2009; 2.2 Infrastructure Endowments in the Developing World; 2.3 Infrastructure Endowments in MENA by Country Grouping; 2.4 Unit Costs of Infrastructure by Sector; 2.5 Roads Maintenance and Rehabilitation Program; 2.6 Annual Expenditure Needs for Infrastructure in the MENA Region |
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2.2 Composition of Infrastructure Expenditure Needs by Group of Countries2.7 Annual Infrastructure Investment and Maintenance Needs in MENA by Type of Investment as Percent of GDP; 2.8 Expenditure Needs for Water and Sanitation in Urban and Rural Areas; Potential of Infrastructure Investment in Boosting Employment; 2.9 Access Shortfall Compared to MDG Linear Path Achievement; 2.10 Employment Shares of Infrastructure and Construction Sectors; 2.11 Infrastructure Jobs by Sector in MENA; 2.3 Shares of Infrastructure and Construction Jobs in Total Employment in MENA |
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Annex 2A: Econometric Models for Infrastructure NeedsAnnex 2B: Data Sources and Descriptions Used for Model of Investment Requirements; Annex 2C: Data Imputations; Notes; 2C.1 Imputation of Average Investment as Percent of GDP When Data Were Not Available; References; Chapter 3 Short-Run Employment Effects of Infrastructure Investment; Techniques for Estimating the Cost of a Job and the Employment Generated by Investment in Infrastructure; Hybrid Approaches to Estimating the Short-Term Employment Effects of Infrastructure Investment; Boxes |
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3.1 Pros and Cons of Input-Output Table Use for Generating Employment Estimates3.1 Regression of Semiskilled Hourly Construction Wage on GDP per Capita; Estimating the Cost of Creating Jobs in Oil Importing MENA Countries; 3.2 Construction Sector Hourly Wages in the Arab Republic of Egypt, January 2009; 3.3 Sector Coverage Provided by Various Input-Output Tables; 3.4 Cost of Creating a Job in Selected Infrastructure Sectors in the Arab Republic of Egypt, 2009; 3.5 Cost of Creating Infrastructure-Related Jobs by Country; 3.6 Estimated Costs of a Type II Job in Six MENA OICs, 2009 |
| Summary |
This study assesses the potential for job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa. The region has experience in making the most of infrastructure investments, but maintaining and spreading the momentum in infrastructure will be important to support future growth and job creation. To do so, policymakers will have to recognize that there are large differences in initial conditions across the region in terms of starting stock, needs, fiscal commitments, private sector participation and job creation potential. Overall, the region's infrastructure needs through 2020 are quite large and estimated at about 106 billion dollars per year or 6.9 percent of the annual regional GDP. In designing country specific solutions, governments will have to tackle predictable challenges: the governance of job creation, the proper targeting and fiscal costs assessment of subsidies needed to create jobs, the design and fiscal costs of the (re)training programs needed and the expectations on the job creation effects of infrastructure |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from digital title page (viewed May 30, 2014) |
| Subject |
Infrastructure (Economics) -- Middle East
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Infrastructure (Economics) -- Africa, North
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Job creation -- Middle East
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Job creation -- Africa, North
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Labor supply -- Middle East
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Labor supply -- Africa, North
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BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Development -- Business Development.
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BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Development -- Economic Development.
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BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Development -- General.
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BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Government & Business.
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BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Structural Adjustment.
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POLITICAL SCIENCE -- Public Policy -- Economic Policy.
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Infrastructure (Economics)
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Job creation
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Labor supply
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North Africa
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Middle East
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Estache, Antonio.
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| LC no. |
2012022846 |
| ISBN |
9780821396667 |
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0821396668 |
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082139665X |
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9780821396650 |
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