| Description |
1 online resource (xxv, 338 pages) : illustrations |
| Contents |
Note continued: 5.4. Spectroscopic Contrast Imaging Modes in TEM and TEM/STEM -- 5.5. EDS Chemical Analysis Methods in TEM and TEM/STEM -- 5.6. EELS Spectroscopic Analysis Modes in TEM and TEM/STEM -- 6. Conclusion and Information Assessment -- Bibliography -- 4. Materials Problems and Approaches for TEM and TEM/STEM Analyses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analyses Conducted Prior to TEM Analyses -- 2.1. Macroscopic Characterization -- 2.2. Microscopic Characterization -- 2.3. Microscopic and Nanoscopic Characterization -- 3. Approach for Beginning the Investigation of a Material -- 4. Selection of the Type of TEM Analysis -- 5. Analysis of Topography -- 6. Structural Analysis in TEM -- 6.1. Morphology and Structure of Materials -- 6.2. Atomic Structure -- 7. Crystallographic Analysis -- 8. Analysis of Crystal Defects: 1D (Dislocations), 2D (Grain Boundaries and Interfaces), and 3D (Precipitates) -- 9. EDS Chemical Analysis and EELS Spectroscopic Analysis -- 9.1. Phase Identification and Distribution -- 9.2. Concentration Profiles and Interface Analysis -- 10. Structural Analyses Under Special Conditions -- 10.1. In Situ Analyses -- 10.2. Cryomicroscopy -- 11. Study of Properties -- 11.1. Optical Properties -- 11.2. Electrical Properties -- 11.3. Electronic Properties -- 11.4. Magnetic Properties -- 11.5. Mechanical Properties -- 11.6. Chemical Properties -- 11.7. Functional Properties -- 12. Relationship Between Sample Thickness and Analysis Type in TEM and TEM/STEM -- 13. Assessment of TEM Analyses -- 5. Physical and Chemical Mechanisms of Preparation Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanical Action -- 2.1. Principles of a Material's Mechanical Behavior -- 2.2. Abrasion Principle -- 2.3. Rupture Principles -- 3. Chemical Action -- 3.1. Principle of Chemical and Electrochemical Dissolution -- 4. Ionic Action |
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Note continued: 4.1. Ionic Abrasion Principles -- 4.2. Techniques Involving Ion Abrasion -- 5. Actions Resulting in a State Change of Materials Containing an Aqueous Phase -- 5.1. Elimination of the Aqueous Phase -- 5.2. Freezing Principles -- 5.3. Principle of Substitution, Infiltration, and Embedding in Cryogenic Mode -- 5.4. Cryo-sublimation (or Freeze-Drying) Principle -- 6. Actions Resulting in a Change in Material Properties -- 6.1. Chemical Fixation Principles -- 6.2. Dehydration Principles -- 6.3. Infiltration Principles -- 6.4. Embedding or Inclusion Principles -- 6.5. "Positive-Staining" Contrast Principles -- 7. Physical Actions Resulting in Deposition -- 7.1. Physical Deposition -- 7.2. Physics of the Coating Process -- 7.3. Techniques Involving a Physical Deposition: Continuous or Holey Thin Film, Contrast Enhancement by Shadowing or Decoration, Replicas, and Freeze Fracture -- Bibliography -- Mechanical Action -- Chemical Action -- Ionic Action -- Actions Resulting in a State Change of Materials Containing an Aqueous Phase -- Actions Resulting in a Change in Material Properties -- Physical Actions Resulting in a Deposit -- 6. Artifacts in Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preparation-Induced Artifacts -- 2.1. Mechanical Preparation-Induced Artifacts -- 2.2. Ionic Preparation-Induced Artifacts -- 2.3. Chemical Preparation-Induced Artifacts -- 2.4. Physical Preparation-Induced Artifacts -- 3. Artifacts Induced During TEM Observation -- 3.1. Artifacts Not Linked to Thermal Damages -- 3.2. Secondary Thermal Damage -- 4. Examples of Artifacts -- 4.1. Artifacts Induced by the Tripod Polishing Technique -- 4.2. Artifacts Induced by the Ultramicrotomy Technique -- 4.3. Artifacts Induced by the Freeze-Fracture Technique -- 4.4. Artifacts Induced by Ion Milling or FIB |
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Note continued: 4.5. Artifacts Induced by the Substitution-Infiltration-Embedding Technique -- 4.6. Artifacts Induced by Chemical Fixation -- 4.7. Artifacts Induced by the Extractive-Replica Technique -- 4.8. Artifacts Induced by the Shadowing Technique -- 4.9. Artifacts Induced by the "Positive-Staining" Contrast Technique -- 4.10. Artifacts Induced by the Cryofixation Technique -- 4.11. Artifacts Induced by the Fine Particle Dispersion Technique -- 4.12. Artifacts Induced by the Frozen-Hydrated-Film Technique -- 4.13. Artifacts Induced by the "Negative-Staining" Contrast Technique -- 4.14. Artifacts Induced by the Electron Beam -- 5. Summary Tables -- Bibliography -- 7. Selection of Preparation Techniques Based on Material Problems and TEM Analyses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classification of Preparation Techniques -- 3. Characteristics of Preparation Techniques -- 4. Criteria Used to Select a Preparation Technique -- 5. Selection Criteria Based on Material Type -- 6. Selection Criteria Based on Material Organization -- 6.1. Bulk Materials -- 6.2. Single-Layer or Multilayer Materials -- 6.3. Fine Particles -- 7. Selection Criteria Based on Material Properties -- 7.1. Based on the Physical State of the Material -- 7.2. Based on the Chemical Phases in the Material -- 7.3. Based on the Electrical Properties of the Material -- 7.4. Based on the Mechanical Properties of the Material -- 8. Selection Criteria Related to the Type of TEM Analysis -- 8.1. Preparation Techniques -- 9. Selection of the Orientation of the Sample Section -- 9.1. Microstructure Geometry -- 9.2. Defect Geometry -- 10. Selection Criteria Related to Artifacts Induced by the Preparation Technique -- 11. Adaptation of the Technique Based on Problems Related to Observation -- 11.1. Reducing Sample Thickness -- 11.2. Increasing Contrast -- 11.3. Reducing Charge Effects |
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Note continued: 11.4. Limitation of Strain Hardening -- 11.5. Removal of Surface Amorphization -- 11.6. Removal of Surface Contamination -- 11.7. Final Cleaning of the Thin Slice -- 12. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 8. Comparisons of Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Examples Using Fine Particle Materials -- 2.1. Comparison of Mechanical Preparations and Replicas -- 2.2. Comparison of "Negative-Staining" Contrast and Freeze-Fracture Techniques -- 2.3. Comparison of "Negative-Staining" and Decoration-Shadowing Contrast Techniques -- 2.4. Comparison of "Positive-Staining" and Decoration Shadowing Contrast Techniques -- 3. Examples Using Bulk or Multilayer Materials -- 3.1. Comparison Between Different Mechanical Preparations -- 3.2. Comparison Between Mechanical Preparations and Ionic Preparations -- 3.3. Comparison Between Mechanical Preparations and Electrolytic Preparations -- 3.4. Comparison Between Techniques Specific to Biology -- 3.5. Comparison Between All Techniques That Can Be Used in Biology on One Example: Collagen -- Bibliography -- 9. Conclusion: What Is a Good Sample? -- 1. Techniques: General Introduction -- 2. Preliminary Preparation Techniques -- 1. Sawing -- 1.1. Principle -- 1.2. Operating Mode -- 1.3. Variants -- 1.4. Advantages -- 1.5. Limitations -- 1.6. Compatible Techniques -- 1.7. Risks -- 1.8. Conclusion -- 2. Ultrasonic Cutting -- 2.1. Principle -- 2.2. Operating Mode -- 2.3. Variants -- 2.4. Advantages -- 2.5. Limitations -- 2.6. Compatible Techniques -- 2.7. Risks -- 2.8. Conclusion -- 3. Mechanical Polishing -- 3.1. Principle -- 3.2. Operating Mode -- 3.3. Variants -- 3.4. Advantages -- 3.5. Limitations -- 3.6. Compatible Techniques -- 3.7. Risks -- 3.8. Conclusion -- 4. Dimpling -- 4.1. Principle -- 4.2. Operating Mode -- 4.3. Variants -- 4.4. Advantages |
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Note continued: 4.5. Limitations -- 4.6. Compatible Techniques -- 4.7. Risks -- 4.8. Conclusion -- 5. Electropolishing -- 5.1. Principle -- 5.2. Operating Mode -- 5.3. Variants -- 5.4. Advantages -- 5.5. Limitations -- 5.6. Compatible Techniques -- 5.7. Risks -- 5.8. Conclusion -- 6. Chemical Polishing -- 6.1. Principle -- 6.2. Operating Mode -- 6.3. Variants -- 6.4. Advantages -- 6.5. Limitations -- 6.6. Compatible Techniques -- 6.7. Risks -- 6.8. Conclusion -- 7. Sandwich Technique -- 7.1. Principle -- 7.2. Operating Mode -- 7.3. Variants -- 7.4. Advantages -- 7.5. Limitations -- 7.6. Compatible Techniques -- 7.7. Risks -- 7.8. Conclusion -- 8. Embedding -- 8.1. Principle -- 8.2. Operating Mode -- 8.3. Variants -- 8.4. Advantages -- 8.5. Limitations -- 8.6. Compatible Techniques -- 8.7. Risks -- 8.8. Conclusion -- 9. Substitution-Infiltration-Embedding at Room Temperature -- 9.1. Principle -- 9.2. Operating Mode -- 9.3. Variants -- 9.4. Advantages -- 9.5. Limitations -- 9.6. Compatible Techniques -- 9.7. Risks -- 9.8. Conclusion -- 10. Substitution-Infiltration-Embedding at Low Temperatures -- 10.1. Principle -- 10.2. Operating Mode -- 10.3. Variants -- 10.4. Advantages -- 10.5. Limitations -- 10.6. Compatible Techniques -- 10.7. Risks -- 10.8. Conclusion -- 11. Chemical Fixation -- 11.1. Principle -- 11.2. Operating Mode -- 11.3. Variants -- 11.4. Advantages -- 11.5. Limitations -- 11.6. Compatible Techniques -- 11.7. Risks -- 11.8. Conclusion -- 12. Physical Fixation: Cryo-fixation -- 12.1. Principle -- 12.2. Operating Mode -- 12.3. Variants -- 12.4. Advantages -- 12.5. Limitations -- 12.6. Compatible Techniques -- 12.7. Risks -- 12.8. Conclusion -- 13. Continuous Support Films -- 13.1. Principle |
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Note continued: 13.2. Operating Mode -- 13.3. Variant -- 13.4. Advantages -- 13.5. Limitations -- 13.6. Compatible Techniques -- 13.7. Risks -- 13.8. Conclusion -- 14. Holey Support Films -- 14.1. Principle -- 14.2. Operating Mode -- 14.3. Variant -- 14.4. Advantages -- 14.5. Limitations -- 14.6. Compatible Techniques -- 14.7. Risks -- 14.8. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3. Thinning Preparation Techniques -- 1. Twin-Jet Electrolytic Thinning -- 1.1. Principle -- 1.2. Operating Mode -- 1.3. Variants -- 1.4. Advantages -- 1.5. Limitations -- 1.6. Artifacts -- 1.7. Type of Analysis -- 1.8. Risks -- 1.9. Conclusion -- 2. Full-Bath Electrolytic Thinning ("Window Technique") -- 2.1. Principle -- 2.2. Operating Mode -- 2.3. Variants -- 2.4. Advantages -- 2.5. Limitations -- 2.6. Artifacts -- 2.7. Type of Analysis -- 2.8. Risks -- 2.9. Conclusion -- 3. Twin-Jet Chemical Thinning -- 3.1. Principle -- 3.2. Operating Mode -- 3.3. Variants -- 3.4. Advantages -- 3.5. Limitations -- 3.6. Artifacts -- 3.7. Type of Analysis -- 3.8. Risks -- 3.9. Conclusion -- 4. Full-Bath Chemical Thinning ("Window Technique") -- 4.1. Principle -- 4.2. Operating Mode -- 4.3. Variants -- 4.4. Advantages -- 4.5. Limitations -- 4.6. Artifacts -- 4.7. Type of Analysis -- 4.8. Risks -- 4.9. Conclusion -- 5. Ion Milling -- 5.1. Principle -- 5.2. Operating Mode -- 5.3. Variants -- 5.4. Advantages -- 5.5. Limitations -- 5.6. Artifacts -- 5.7. Type of Analysis -- 5.8. Risks -- 5.9. Conclusion -- 6. Focused Ion Beam Thinning (FIB) -- 6.1. Principle -- 6.2. Operating Mode -- 6.3. Variants -- 6.4. Advantages -- 6.5. Limitations -- 6.6. Artifacts -- 6.7. Type of Analysis -- 6.8. Risks -- 6.9. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 4. Mechanical Preparation Techniques |
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Note continued: 1. Crushing -- 1.1. Principle -- 1.2. Operating Mode -- 1.3. Variants -- 1.4. Advantages -- 1.5. Limitations -- 1.6. Artifacts -- 1.7. Type of Analysis -- 1.8. Risks -- 1.9. Conclusion -- 2. Wedge Cleavage -- 2.1. Principle -- 2.2. Operating Mode -- 2.3. Variants -- 2.4. Advantages -- 2.5. Limitations -- 2.6. Artifacts -- 2.7. Type of Analysis -- 2.8. Risks -- 2.9. Conclusion -- 3. Tripod Polishing -- 3.1. Principle -- 3.2. Operating Mode -- 3.3. Variants -- 3.4. Advantages -- 3.5. Limitations -- 3.6. Artifacts -- 3.7. Type of Analysis -- 3.8. Risks -- 3.9. Conclusion -- 4. Ultramicrotomy -- 4.1. Principle -- 4.2. Operating Mode -- 4.3. Variants -- 4.4. Advantages -- 4.5. Limitations -- 4.6. Artifacts -- 4.7. Type of Analysis -- 4.8. Risks -- 4.9. Conclusion -- 5. Cryo-ultramicrotomy -- 5.1. Principle -- 5.2. Operating Mode -- 5.3. Variants -- 5.4. Advantage -- 5.5. Limitations -- 5.6. Artifacts -- 5.7. Type of Analysis -- 5.8. Risks -- 5.9. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 5. Replica Techniques -- 1. Direct Replica Technique -- 1.1. Principle -- 1.2. Operating Mode -- 1.3. Variants -- 1.4. Advantages -- 1.5. Limitations -- 1.6. Artifacts -- 1.7. Type of Analysis -- 1.8. Risks -- 1.9. Conclusion -- 2. Indirect Replica -- 2.1. Principle -- 2.2. Operating Mode -- 2.3. Variants -- 2.4. Advantages -- 2.5. Limitations -- 2.6. Artifacts -- 2.7. Type of Analysis -- 2.8. Risks -- 2.9. Conclusion -- 3. Extractive Replica -- 3.1. Principle -- 3.2. Operating Mode -- 3.3. Variants -- 3.4. Advantages -- 3.5. Limitations -- 3.6. Artifacts -- 3.7. Type of Analysis -- 3.8. Risks -- 3.9. Conclusion -- 4. Freeze Fracture -- 4.1. Principle -- 4.2. Operating Mode -- 4.3. Variants -- 4.4. Advantages |
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Note continued: 4.5. Limitations -- 4.6. Artifacts -- 4.7. Type of Analysis -- 4.8. Risks -- 4.9. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 6. Techniques Specific to Fine Particles -- 1. Dispersion of Fine Particle Materials -- 1.1. Principle -- 1.2. Operating Mode -- 1.3. Variants -- 1.4. Advantages -- 1.5. Limitations -- 1.6. Artifacts -- 1.7. Type of Analysis -- 1.8. Risks -- 1.9. Conclusion -- 2. Frozen Hydrated Film of Single Particles -- 2.1. Principle -- 2.2. Operating Mode -- 2.3. Variants -- 2.4. Advantages -- 2.5. Limitations -- 2.6. Artifacts -- 2.7. Type of Analysis -- 2.8. Risks -- 2.9. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 7. Contrast Enhancement and Labeling Techniques -- 1. Decoration Shadowing -- 1.1. Principle -- 1.2. Operating Mode -- 1.3. Variants -- 1.4. Advantages -- 1.5. Limitations -- 1.6. Artifacts -- 1.7. Type of Analysis -- 1.8. Risks -- 1.9. Conclusion -- 2. Negative Staining -- 2.1. Principle -- 2.2. Operating Mode -- 2.3. Variants -- 2.4. Advantages -- 2.5. Limitations -- 2.6. Artifacts -- 2.7. Type of Analysis -- 2.8. Risks -- 2.9. Conclusion -- 3. Positive Staining -- 3.1. Principle -- 3.2. Operating Mode -- 3.3. Variants -- 3.4. Advantages -- 3.5. Limitations -- 3.6. Artifacts -- 3.7. Type of Analysis -- 3.8. Risks -- 3.9. Conclusion -- 4. Immunolabeling -- 4.1. Principle -- 4.2. Operating Mode -- 4.3. Variants -- 4.4. Advantages -- 4.5. Limitations -- 4.6. Artifacts -- 4.7. Type of Analysis -- 4.8. Risks -- 4.9. Conclusion -- Bibliography |
| Summary |
This two-volume Handbook is a comprehensive guide to sample preparation for the transmission electron microscope. Sample Preparation Handbook for Transmission Electron Microscopy: Techniques describes 14 different preparation techniques, including 22 detailed protocols for preparing thin slices for TEM analysis. Compatibility and pre-treatments are also discussed. Experimental conditions and guidelines, options and variations, advantages and constraints, technical hints from the authors' years of experience, common artifacts, and theoretical issues are all considered. Particular attention is given to the type of material, conditioning, compatible analysis of a given preparation, and risks. This practical and authoritative reference companion deserves a place on the bench in every TEM lab. Key Features of the Handbook: Combines all of the latest techniques for the preparation of mineral to biological samples Compares techniques in terms of their application areas, limitations, artifacts, and types of analysis (macroscopic, atomic, or molecular level) Describes physical characteristics, chemistry, structure/texture, and orientation properties of materials in relation to the most appropriate type of TEM analysis Links to a complementary interactive database website which is available to scientists worldwide* Written by authors with 100 years of combined experience in electron microscopy *http://temsamprep.in2p3.fr |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| In |
Springer eBooks |
| Subject |
Mounting of microscope specimens -- Handbooks, manuals, etc
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Transmission electron microscopy -- Technique
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Material Science.
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Mounting of microscope specimens
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Transmission electron microscopy -- Technique
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| Genre/Form |
handbooks.
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Handbooks and manuals
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Handbooks and manuals.
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Guides et manuels.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Ayache, Jeanne, 1951-
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| ISBN |
9781441959744 |
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1441959742 |
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9781441959751 |
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1441959750 |
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