Figures and Tables ; Acknowledgments ; Introduction; Chapter One ; Building a Norm; Chapter Two; Politics and Policy ; Chapter Three; The Decision to Retire ; Chapter Four ; A Normative View of Retirement ; Chapter Five ; After Retirement; Conclusion; Appendix: Survey Methods ; Works Cited; Index
Summary
In this book Melanie Manion analyzes the largest bloodless circulation of elites in history--the massive retirement of officials in the People's Republic of China. Beginning in 1978 and continuing through the 1980s, Chinese leaders in Beijing replaced millions of old cadres, including veterans of the communist revolution, with younger generations of better educated and less generalist officials. How were the elders persuaded to retire? Manion shows how a norm of age-based exit from office, historically novel in the Chinese communist setting, was engineered by top policymakers and aided by y
