Historiography and theory: Past and current interpretations of the Old Belief. Old Belief as popular religion -- Seventeenth century origins: Ecclesiastical elites and popular belief and practice in seventeenth-century Russia. Religious radicalism in seventeenth-century Russia: reexamining the Kapiton Movement. The origins of the Old Believer cultural systems: the works of Avraamii. The miracle of martyrdom: reflections on early Old Believer hagiography -- Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century communities: Old Believer communities: ideals and structures. The spirituality of the Vyg fathers. The cultural worlds of Andrei Borisov. Interpreting the fate of Old Believer communities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries -- Old Believer life and scholarship in the late twentieth century : The Novosibirsk School of Old Believer studies