| Description |
1 online resource (156 pages) |
| Series |
River Publishers series in chemical, environmental, and energy engineering |
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River Publishers series in chemical, environmental, and energy engineering.
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| Contents |
Front Cover -- Coil Tubing Unit for Oil Production and Remedial Measures -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Nitrogen Application -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of N2 -- 1.2.1 N2 Properties -- 1.3 Cryogenics -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.4 Basic Equipment -- 1.4.1 Storage Tank -- 1.4.2 Pumping System -- 1.4.3 Vaporizer System -- 1.5 Safety -- 1.5.1 General Information -- 1.5.2 Safety Bulletin from CGA (Compressed Gas Association) -- 1.5.3 Oxygen-deficient Atmospheres -- 1.5.4 Safety for Handling and Exposure -- 1.6 N2 Service Applications |
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1.6.1 Displacement -- 1.6.2 Nitrified Fluids-Acidisation -- 1.6.3 Atomized Atom -- 1.6.4 Foamed Acid -- 1.6.4.1 N2 Retention -- 1.6.4.2 Diverting -- 1.6.4.3 Production of Fines -- 1.6.4.4 Foamed Acid Guidelines -- 1.6.5 Aerating Conventional Fluids -- 1.6.6 Pipeline Purging -- 1.6.7 Use of Foam as a Drilling and Workover Fluid -- 1.7 Foam Clean Out -- 1.7.1 Introduction -- 1.7.2 Foam Stability and Viscosity -- 1.7.3 Fire Control -- 1.8 Water Control Technique by N2 Injection -- 1.8.1 Introduction -- 1.8.2 Technology -- 1.8.3 Job Description -- 1.8.4 Commercial Viability -- 1.8.5 Quick and Easy |
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1.8.6 Versatility and Adaptability -- 1.8.7 Economical -- 1.8.8 Freeding Differentially Stuck Drill Pipe -- 1.8.8.1 N2 Lift -- 1.8.8.2 N2 cushion -- 1.9 Case Study -- I -- 1.10 Results/Remarks -- 1.11 Conclusion -- 1.12 Specification of N2 Pumpers Available with WSS COLD END -- 2 Water Control -- 2.1 Introduction to Water Production -- 2.1.1 Methods to Predict, Prevent, Delay and Reduce Excessive Water Production -- 2.1.1.1 Oil and Water production rates and ratios -- 2.1.1.1.1 Material Mass Balance -- 2.1.1.1.2 Darcy's Law -- 2.1.1.1.3 Productivity index -- 2.1.1.1.4 Simulators |
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2.1.1.2 Rate-limited facilities -- 2.1.1.3 Water production effect on bypassed oil -- 2.1.1.4 Reservoir maturity -- 2.1.1.5 Water production rate effect on corrosion rates -- 2.1.1.6 Water production rate effect on scale deposition rates -- 2.1.1.7 Water production rate effect on sand production -- 2.2 Water Production Mechanisms -- 2.2.1 Completions-Related Mechanisms -- 2.2.1.1 Casing leaks -- 2.2.1.2 Channel behind casing -- 2.2.1.3 Completion into Water -- 2.2.2 Reservoir-Related Mechanisms -- 2.2.2.1 Bottomwater -- 2.2.2.2 Barrier breakdown -- 2.2.2.3 Coning and cresting |
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2.2.2.4 Channeling through high permeability -- 2.2.2.5 Fracture communication between injector and producer -- 2.2.2.6 Stimulation out of zone -- 2.3 Preventing Excessive Water Production -- 2.3.1 Preventing Casing Leaks -- 2.3.2 Preventing Channels Behind Casing -- 2.3.3 Preventing Coning and Cresting -- 2.3.4 Perforating -- 2.3.5 Fracturing -- 2.3.6 Artificial Barriers -- 2.3.7 Dual Completions -- 2.3.8 Horizontal Wells to Prevent Coning -- 2.3.9 Preventing Channeling Through High Permeability -- 2.3.9.1 Perforating -- 2.3.9.2 Stimulation techniques -- 2.3.9.3 Permeability reduction |
| Summary |
Well activation is one of the most important aspects in the oil and gas industries and nitrogen gas is predominately used. The gas, being light, is sent down the producing reservoir which will enhance the production or improve the flow of crude oil. In addition to the methods used to increase production there are several problems like sand production and water production from the producing wells. Sand production occurs when the destabilizing stresses at the formation face exceed the strength of the natural arching tendencies and/or grain-to-grain cementation strength. Ideally, during oil production, the formation should be porous, permeable and well consolidated through which hydrocarbons can easily flow into the production wells. But sometimes, especially during production from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, the produced hydrocarbons may also carry large amounts of sand into the well bore and sand entering production wells is one of the oldest problems faced by oil companies and one of the toughest to solve. These unconsolidated formations may not restrain grain movement, and produce sand along with the fluids especially at high rates. Water production is also a problem that many reservoir or production engineers face in day-to-day life. As engineers we should be able to decide whether water control solutions should be applied or not. The excess production of water is caused by the depletion of the reservoir and simply sweeps away most of the oil that the reservoir can produce. This book gives an information how well activation using nitrogen is carried out, and how sand control and water control issues can be resolved |
| Notes |
Mohammed Ismail Iqbal |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
Oil wells -- Equipment and supplies.
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Oil wells -- Sand control.
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Oil field flooding.
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SCIENCE -- Energy.
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Oil field flooding
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Oil wells -- Equipment and supplies
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Oil wells -- Sand control
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9788770226899 |
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877022689X |
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9781003337614 |
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1003337619 |
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9781000794830 |
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1000794830 |
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9781000791730 |
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1000791734 |
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