Title The smoke of London : energy and environment in the early modern city / William M. Cavert

Published Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2016

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Description 1 online resource (xix, 274 pages .) Series Cambridge studies in early modern British history Cambridge studies in early modern British history Contents Cover; Half-title; Series information; Title page; Copyright information; Table of contents; List of figures; Acknowledgments; Conventions; Prologue: The Smoke of London; Part€I Transformations; 1 The early modernity of€London; I. Introduction:€this black destroyer; II. Polluting its air: Early modern London in environmental history; III. The great hive:€London in early modernity; IV. Conclusion:€the social history of urban pollution; 2 Fires:€London's turn to coal, 1575-1775; I. The gift of€coal; II. Fuel scarcity and the photosynthetic constraint; III. Coal-burning€London IV. Comparisons:€fuelling early modern€citiesV. Conclusion:€a meaningful€thing; 3 Airs:€smoke and pollution, 1600-1775; I. An excellent air:€the environment of early modern€London; II. Coal smoke and human€health; III. Pollutant levels in early modern€London; IV. Lived experience and local variations; Part€II Contestations; 4 Royal spaces: palaces and brewhouses, 1575-1640; I. Introduction:€'where the King€lives'; II. 'The taste and smell of smoke': Elizabeth and the Brewers; III. 'That ragged, poor, and smoky case': coal smoke and the cathedral under James I IV. 'Offensive to their majesties or their court': smoke and monarchy, 1624-1640V. Conclusion; 5 Nuisance and neighbours; I. Bridgewater's neighbour; II. 'Have an action on the case'; coal smoke and the common law of nuisance; III. 'View it and present it'; environmental policing; IV. 'I should be willing to deal'; private negotiation; V. Conclusion:€limits and failures; 6 Smoke in the scientific revolution; I. The death of an old old very old€man; II. 'Sulfurous coal':€smoke as bad€air; III. The decline of environmental demography; IV. Conclusion; Part€III Fuelling leviathan 7 The moral economy of fuel: coal, poverty, and necessityI. The dangers of the Chatham disaster; II. 'Starving his majesty's poor subjects': fuel as necessity in early modern England; III. 'Want of coals': the London fuel market and the politics of scarcity; IV. 'Will breed a mutiny': fuel supplies and the pursuit of stability; V. Conclusion:€the uses of scarcity; 8 Fuelling improvement: development, navigation, and revenue; I. Houghton's England:€coal fires and ghost€acres; II. 'Mechanic professions that require the greatest expense of fuel': coal and the manufacturing economy III. 'Frighten our neighbours': the nursery of marinersIV. 'Upon coals': the coastal trade and the sinews of power; V. Conclusion: nourse and Mandeville on improvement and environment; 9 Regulations: policing markets and suppliers; I. The Queen's speech:€'some regulation'; II. Civic authority and the€state; III. 'How to remedy': the state's tools for managing the coal trade; IV. Complementary policies; 10 Protections:€the wartime coal€trade; I. The Queen's speech:€'convoys for that service'; II. Convoying colliers; III. The price of insecurity; IV. Protection and impressment Summary "The Smoke of London uncovers the origins of urban air pollution, two centuries before the industrial revolution. By 1600, London was a fossil-fueled city, its high-sulfur coal a basic necessity for the poor and a source of cheap energy for its growing manufacturing sector. The resulting smoke was found ugly and dangerous throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, leading to challenges in court, suppression by the crown, doctors' attempts to understand the nature of good air, increasing suburbanization, and changing representations of urban life in poetry and on the London stage. Neither a celebratory account of proto-environmentalism nor a declensionist narrative of degradation, The Smoke of London recovers the seriousness of pre-modern environmental concerns even as it explains their limits and failures. Ultimately, Londoners learned to live with their dirty air, an accommodation that reframes the modern process of urbanization and industrial pollution, both in Britain and beyond"-- Provided by publisher Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Print version record Subject Smoke -- Environmental aspects -- England -- London -- History Air -- Pollution -- England -- London -- History Air -- Pollution -- Social aspects -- England -- London -- History Coal -- Environmental aspects -- United States BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Infrastructure. SOCIAL SCIENCE -- General. Air -- Pollution Air -- Pollution -- Social aspects Coal -- Environmental aspects Smoke -- Environmental aspects Energieerzeugung Fossiler Brennstoff Umweltverschmutzung Luftverschmutzung England -- London United States London Genre/Form History Form Electronic book ISBN 9781139680967 113968096X 9781316588109 1316588106

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