| Description |
1 online resource (xx, 117 pages) : illustrations (some color) |
| Series |
SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology, PoliMI SpringerBriefs, 2282-2577 |
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SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology. PoliMI SpringerBriefs, 2282-2577
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| Contents |
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations; Parameters; 1 Road Tunnels Risk Analysis; 1.1 Risk and Its Components; 1.2 Risk Analysis Method; 1.3 Risk Representation and Acceptance; References; 2 Background of Modelling Approaches and Tools; 2.1 QRAM Software; 2.2 Theoretical Basis fortheEgress Model; 2.2.1 Pre-movement Time; 2.2.2 Choice oftheEmergency Exit; 2.2.3 Movement Speed; 2.3 Existing Egress Models; 2.3.1 EvacTunnel; 2.3.2 GridFlow; 2.3.3 STEPS; 2.3.4 PathFinder; 2.3.5 FDS + Evac; References; 3 Model Structure |
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3.1 Event Tree Analysis and Frequencies of Occurrence of Accidental Scenarios3.2 Position oftheAccidental Scenarios; 3.2.1 Probability of Occurrence of Accidents fortheDifferent Positions Along the Tunnel; References; 4 Tunnel Infrastructure Measures, Equipment and Management Procedures; 4.1 Interdependence Between the Measures; 4.2 Independent Measures; 5 Queue Formation Model; 5.1 Queue Formation Speed; 5.1.1 Time Required fortheQueue toReach the Tunnel Entrance; 5.1.2 Tunnel Closing Time; 5.1.3 Distance Between the Vehicles Stopped intheQueue; 5.1.4 Queue Length |
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5.1.5 Case 1: Queue Length Longer Than the Upstream Tunnel Section5.1.6 Case 2: Queue Length Shorter Than the Upstream Tunnel Section; 5.1.7 Number of Potentially Exposed Tunnel Users; 6 Distribution Model of Potentially Exposed Users; 6.1 Evaluation oftheEvacuation Distance; 7 Consequence Analysis oftheAccidental Scenarios; 7.1 Quantification oftheConsequences oftheAccidents; 7.1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics forFire Safety and Accident Analysis; 7.2 Zone Models; 7.2.1 Zone Model Software forTunnel Fires; References; 8 Egress Model of Tunnel Users; 8.1 Tunnel Zone Model |
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8.1.1 Analysis of Zone 1-Z1S8.1.2 Analysis of Zone 2-Z2S; 8.2 Egress Time; 8.2.1 Pre-movement Time; 8.2.2 Movement Time; 8.3 Procedure fortheEvaluation of Users' Tenability; 8.3.1 Comparison Between ASET and Pre-movement Time; 8.3.2 Dynamic Comparison Between Tenability and Users Egress Times; 9 Calculation oftheF-N Curve andtheExpected Damage Value; 10 Model Calibration and Validation; 10.1 Model Calibration; 10.2 Sensitivity Analysis; 10.2.1 Tunnel Average Daily Traffic-ADT; 10.2.2 Reference Movement Speed-vbase oftheTunnel Users |
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10.2.3 Reference Recognition and Response Times, and Time Taken toExit the Vehicle10.2.4 Tenability Threshold Temperature-Tpmax; 10.2.5 Frequency of Occurrence of Fires and Dangerous Goods Release; 10.2.6 Effect oftheLength oftheDiscretization Cell; 10.2.7 Reference Tunnel Closing Time; 10.2.8 Distance Between the Emergency Exits; 10.2.9 Number of Positions; 10.2.10 Percentage of Buses ontheTotal Traffic and Buses Occupancy Rate; 10.2.11 Reliability Parameter Tied toMeasure Availability; 10.2.12 Tunnel Infrastructure Measures, Equipment and Management Procedures |
| Summary |
This book illustrates a new quantitative risk analysis model for road tunnels that is capable of evaluating the role of infrastructure measures, equipment and management procedures as prescribed by EU Directive 2004/54/EC. The risk assessment draws on the typical F-N curves of societal risk, evaluated with the help of event tree analysis, vehicle queue formation dynamics, and users' egress and tenability models. In addition, the model considers the reliability of the safety measures. The work provides essential guidance on the following aspects: how a quantitative model can be implemented to evaluate risk in road tunnels; how to build an event tree for the accident scenarios considered; how to simulate the vehicle queue formation; how to simulate the evolution of accident scenarios; and how to simulate the users' egress. Given its scope and depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to all engineers whose work involves fire protection and safety in tunnels, all persons engaged in safety and transport engineering or risk analysis for road tunnels, as well as public and private bodies involved in the application of Directive 2004/54/EC |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed April 5, 2019) |
| Subject |
Tunnels -- Risk assessment
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Reliability engineering.
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Fire protection & safety.
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Mechanics of fluids.
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Highway & traffic engineering.
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Technology & Engineering -- Quality Control.
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Technology & Engineering -- Fire Science.
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Technology & Engineering -- Mechanical.
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Technology & Engineering -- Civil -- General.
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Fire prevention
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Hydraulic engineering
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System safety
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Traffic engineering
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Cerean, Paolo, author
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Derudi, Marco, author
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Frassoldati, Alessio, author
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| ISBN |
9783030005696 |
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3030005690 |
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3030005682 |
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9783030005689 |
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9783030005702 |
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3030005704 |
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