Title Wind energy deployment and the relevance of rare earths : an economic analysis / Anja Brumme

Published Wiesbaden : Springer Gabler, 2014

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Description 1 online resource (xix, 87 pages) : illustrations Series BestMasters BestMasters. Contents Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Symbols -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Classification of wind power technologies -- 2.1 Requirements of critical natural resources -- 2.2 Main generator types -- 2.3 Particularities of offshore turbines -- 2.4 Recapitulation -- 3 Market analysis of rare earth elements -- 3.1 The supply side -- 3.1.1 Reserves and resources -- 3.1.2 Mining, processing, international trade, and market failure -- 3.2 The demand side -- 3.2.1 Determinants of demand 3.2.2 Main applications of rare earth elements3.3 Price trends -- 3.4 Mitigation options for market imbalance -- 3.4.1 Recycling -- 3.4.2 Substitution -- 3.5 Consequences for future market development -- 4 Estimates for future rare earth requirements from wind power deployment -- 4.1 Methodology and assumptions -- 4.1.1 The choice of an appropriate indicator -- 4.1.2 A pathway for wind power deployment -- 4.1.3 Technological progress expectations for wind turbines -- 4.2 Results -- 5 Application to ReMIND-R -- 5.1 The structure of ReMIND-R 5.1.1 The macroeconomic module5.1.2 The energy system module -- 5.1.3 The climate module -- 5.2 Ways of implementing rare earth requirements of the wind power industry in ReMIND-R -- 5.2.1 Fixed demand coefficients -- 5.2.2 Modelling the REE market -- 5.2.3 Evaluation of the two approaches -- 6 Conclusion -- Bibliography Summary The worldwide deployment of wind power plants is soaring. Yet the availability of their construction materials could be a potential bottleneck. As rare earth elements represent the most critical materials, Anja Brumme provides a market analysis of rare earths, ascertaining that geological scarcity is not the main problem. Instead, the author identifies four kinds of market failure: market power, co-production, by-production and negative externalities. It becomes apparent that the market for rare earth metals is in a state of severe disequilibrium. Subsequently, her estimate of future rare earth demand patterns based on the wind power industry by 2050 reveals that the current level of supply is unlikely to be sufficient in the long run. To allow for a more elaborate analysis, the author suggests two options of including a rare earth side condition in an integrated assessment model Bibliography Includes bibliographical references Notes Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed February 3, 2014) Subject Wind turbines -- Materials -- Economic aspects Rare earth metals -- Economic aspects Wind power plants -- Economic aspects Wind power industry. BUSINESS & ECONOMICS -- Real Estate -- General. Wind power industry Erneuerbare Energien Windenergie Windkraftwerk Baustoff Seltenerdmetall Marktanalyse Wirtschaftspolitik Form Electronic book ISBN 9783658049133 3658049138 365804912X 9783658049126

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